Telephone Survey-Reported Perceptions of Telehealth Visits Among Black and Non-Black Patients Diagnosed With Cancer.

Purpose: Empirical evidence underscores both benefits of telehealth visits and persistent disparities in use for Black adults. Guided by the Technology Acceptance Model, we evaluated perceptions regarding telehealth visits among Black and Non-Black adults receiving cancer care from two academic health systems.

Methods: Between April 2022 and October 2023, a survey was conducted among adult patients treated for cancer in the past 3 years.

The feasibility and equity of text messaging to determine patient eligibility for lung cancer screening.

Objectives: Text messaging could be effective for determining patient eligibility for lung cancer screening (LCS). We explored people's willingness to share their tobacco use history via text message among diverse groups.

Study Design: Cross-sectional survey.

Association between racial residential segregation and screening uptake for colorectal and cervical cancer among Black and White patients in five US health care systems.

Background: Despite increased recognition that structural racism contributes to poorer health outcomes for racial and ethnic minorities, there are knowledge gaps about how current patterns of racial residential segregation are associated with cancer screening uptake. The authors examined associations between Black residential segregation and screening for colorectal cancer (CRC) and cervical cancer among non-Hispanic Black and non-Hispanic White adults.

Methods: This was a retrospective study of CRC and cervical cancer screening-eligible adults from five health care systems within the Population-Based Research to Optimize the Screening Process (PROSPR II) Consortium (cohort entry, 2010-2012).

Evaluation of the Immune Response within the Tumor Microenvironment in African American and Non-Hispanic White Patients with Non-Small Cell Lung Cancer.

Background: African Americans have higher incidence and mortality from lung cancer than non-Hispanic Whites, but investigations into differences in immune response have been minimal. Therefore, we compared components of the tumor microenvironment among African Americans and non-Hispanic Whites diagnosed with non-small cell lung cancer based on PDL1 or tertiary lymphoid structure (TLS) status to identify differences of translational relevance.

Methods: Using a cohort of 280 patients with non-small cell lung cancer from the Inflammation, Health, Ancestry, and Lung Epidemiology study (non-Hispanic White: n = 155; African American: n = 125), we evaluated PDL1 tumor proportion score (<1% vs.

Rates of Downstream Procedures and Complications Associated With Lung Cancer Screening in Routine Clinical Practice : A Retrospective Cohort Study.

Background: Lung cancer screening (LCS) using low-dose computed tomography (LDCT) reduces lung cancer mortality but can lead to downstream procedures, complications, and other potential harms. Estimates of these events outside NLST (National Lung Screening Trial) have been variable and lacked evaluation by screening result, which allows more direct comparison with trials.

Objective: To identify rates of downstream procedures and complications associated with LCS.

Data gaps and opportunities for modeling cancer health equity.

Population models of cancer reflect the overall US population by drawing on numerous existing data resources for parameter inputs and calibration targets. Models require data inputs that are appropriately representative, collected in a harmonized manner, have minimal missing or inaccurate values, and reflect adequate sample sizes. Data resource priorities for population modeling to support cancer health equity include increasing the availability of data that 1) arise from uninsured and underinsured individuals and those traditionally not included in health-care delivery studies, 2) reflect relevant exposures for groups historically and intentionally excluded across the full cancer control continuum, 3) disaggregate categories (race, ethnicity, socioeconomic status, gender, sexual orientation, etc.

Development of an Electronic Health Record-Based Algorithm for Predicting Lung Cancer Screening Eligibility in the Population-Based Research to Optimize the Screening Process Lung Research Consortium.

Purpose: Lung cancer screening (LCS) guidelines in the United States recommend LCS for those age 50-80 years with at least 20 pack-years smoking history who currently smoke or quit within the last 15 years. We tested the performance of simple smoking-related criteria derived from electronic health record (EHR) data and developed and tested the performance of a multivariable model in predicting LCS eligibility.

Methods: Analyses were completed within the Population-based Research to Optimize the Screening Process Lung Consortium (PROSPR-Lung).

Uptake of Lung Cancer Screening CT After a Provider Order for Screening in the PROSPR-Lung Consortium.

Background: Uptake of lung cancer screening (LCS) has been slow with less than 20% of eligible people who currently or formerly smoked reported to have undergone a screening CT.

Objective: To determine individual-, health system-, and neighborhood-level factors associated with LCS uptake after a provider order for screening.

Design And Subjects: We conducted an observational cohort study of screening-eligible patients within the Population-based Research to Optimize the Screening Process (PROSPR)-Lung Consortium who received a radiology referral/order for a baseline low-dose screening CT (LDCT) from a healthcare provider between January 1, 2015, and June 30, 2019.

The Perceived Usability of Virtual Visits Among Black Adults' Receiving Oncology Care: A Qualitative Analysis.

Background: With the COVID-19 pandemic came rapid uptake in virtual oncology care. During this, sociodemographic inequities in access to virtual visits (VVs) have become apparent. To better understand these issues, we conducted a qualitative study to describe the perceived usability and acceptability of VVs among Black adults diagnosed with cancer.

Assessing a Polygenic Risk Score for Lung Cancer Susceptibility in Non-Hispanic White and Black Populations.

Background: Polygenic risk scores (PRS) have become an increasingly popular approach to evaluate cancer susceptibility, but have not adequately represented Black populations in model development.

Methods: We used a previously published lung cancer PRS on the basis of 80 SNPs associated with lung cancer risk in the OncoArray cohort and validated in UK Biobank. The PRS was evaluated for association with lung cancer risk adjusting for age, sex, total pack-years, family history of lung cancer, history of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, and the top five principal components for genetic ancestry.

Uptake of novel systemic therapy: Real world patterns among adults with advanced non-small cell lung cancer.

Introduction/background: Systemic treatment for advanced non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) is shifting from platinum-based chemotherapy to immunotherapy and targeted therapies associated with improved survival in clinical trials. As new therapies are approved for use, examining variations in use for treating patients in community practice can generate additional evidence as to the magnitude of their benefit.

Patients And Methods: We identified 1,442 patients diagnosed with de novo stage IV NSCLC between 3/1/2012 and 12/31/2020.

Evaluating approaches for constructing polygenic risk scores for prostate cancer in men of African and European ancestry.

Genome-wide polygenic risk scores (GW-PRSs) have been reported to have better predictive ability than PRSs based on genome-wide significance thresholds across numerous traits. We compared the predictive ability of several GW-PRS approaches to a recently developed PRS of 269 established prostate cancer-risk variants from multi-ancestry GWASs and fine-mapping studies (PRS). GW-PRS models were trained with a large and diverse prostate cancer GWAS of 107,247 cases and 127,006 controls that we previously used to develop the multi-ancestry PRS.

Smoking status and the association between patient-level factors and survival among lung cancer patients.

Background: Declines in the prevalence of cigarette smoking, advances in targeted therapies, and implementation of lung cancer screening have changed the clinical landscape for lung cancer. The proportion of lung cancer deaths is increasing in those who have never smoked cigarettes. To better understand contemporary patterns in survival among patients with lung cancer, a comprehensive evaluation of factors associated with survival, including differential associations by smoking status, is needed.

Evidence of Novel Susceptibility Variants for Prostate Cancer and a Multiancestry Polygenic Risk Score Associated with Aggressive Disease in Men of African Ancestry.

Background: Genetic factors play an important role in prostate cancer (PCa) susceptibility.

Objective: To discover common genetic variants contributing to the risk of PCa in men of African ancestry.

Design, Setting, And Participants: We conducted a meta-analysis of ten genome-wide association studies consisting of 19378 cases and 61620 controls of African ancestry.

Percentage Up to Date With Chest Computed Tomography Among Those Eligible for Lung Cancer Screening.

Introduction: Authors aimed to calculate the percentage up-to-date with testing in the context of lung cancer screening across 5 healthcare systems and evaluate differences according to patient and health system characteristics.

Methods: Lung cancer screening‒eligible individuals receiving care within the five systems in the Population-based Research to Optimize the Screening Process Lung consortium from October 1, 2018 to September 30, 2019 were included in analyses. Data collection was completed on June 15, 2021; final analyses were completed on April 1, 2022.

Real time patient-reported outcome measures in patients with cancer: Early experience within an integrated health system.

Background: While patient-reported outcome measures (PROMs) have benefit in cancer clinical trials, real-world applications are lacking. This study describes the method of implementation of a cancer enterprise-wide PROMs platform.

Methods: After establishing a multispecialty stakeholder group within a large integrated health system, domain-specific instruments were selected from the National Institutes of Health's Patient-Reported Outcomes Measurement Information System (PROMIS) instruments (pain interference, fatigue, physical function, and depression) and were administered at varying frequencies throughout each patient's cancer journey.

Stage Migration and Lung Cancer Incidence After Initiation of Low-Dose Computed Tomography Screening.

Introduction: Despite evidence from clinical trials of favorable shifts in cancer stage and improvements in lung cancer-specific mortality, the effectiveness of lung cancer screening (LCS) in clinical practice has not been clearly revealed.

Methods: We performed a multicenter cohort study of patients diagnosed with a primary lung cancer between January 1, 2014, and September 30, 2019, at one of four U.S.

Evaluating and Improving Cancer Screening Process Quality in a Multilevel Context: The PROSPR II Consortium Design and Research Agenda.

Background: Cancer screening is a complex process involving multiple steps and levels of influence (e.g., patient, provider, facility, health care system, community, or neighborhood).

Estimating Cancer Screening Sensitivity and Specificity Using Healthcare Utilization Data: Defining the Accuracy Assessment Interval.

The effectiveness and efficiency of cancer screening in real-world settings depend on many factors, including test sensitivity and specificity. Outside of select experimental studies, not everyone receives a gold standard test that can serve as a comparator in estimating screening test accuracy. Thus, many studies of screening test accuracy use the passage of time to infer whether or not cancer was present at the time of the screening test, particularly for patients with a negative screening test.

Lung Cancer Screening Criteria and Cardiopulmonary Comorbidities.

Introduction: Lung cancer screening criteria should select candidates with minimal cardiopulmonary comorbidities who are fit for curative lung cancer resection.

Methods: We retrospectively analyzed 728 patients with lung cancer for screening eligibility using the U.S.

Developing an algorithm across integrated healthcare systems to identify a history of cancer using electronic medical records.

Objective: Tumor registries in integrated healthcare systems (IHCS) have high precision for identifying incident cancer but often miss recently diagnosed cancers or those diagnosed outside of the IHCS. We developed an algorithm using the electronic medical record (EMR) to identify people with a history of cancer not captured in the tumor registry to identify adults, aged 40-65 years, with no history of cancer.

Materials And Methods: The algorithm was developed at Kaiser Permanente Colorado, and then applied to 7 other IHCS.