Higher Leptin but Not Human Milk Macronutrient Concentration Distinguishes Normal-Weight from Obese Mothers at 1-Month Postpartum.

Introduction: Exclusively breastfed infants born to obese mothers have previously been shown to gain less weight by 1-month postpartum than infants of normal-weight mothers. Our hypothesis is that human milk composition and volume may differ between obese and normal-weight mothers.

Objective: To compare human milk leptin, macronutrient concentration, and volume in obese and normal-weight mothers.

Urinary/serum prostate-specific antigen ratio: comparison with free/total serum prostate-specific antigen ratio in improving prostate cancer detection.

Objectives: To test the previously reported hypothesis, that the urinary/total serum (U/S) prostate-specific antigen (PSA) ratio improves the detection of prostate cancer, by evaluating the clinical usefulness of the U/S PSA ratio and comparing it with the free/total (F/T) serum PSA ratio.

Methods: A total of 165 patients undergoing transrectal ultrasound-guided prostate biopsy were prospectively included in this multicenter study. In all patients, PSA was measured from preoperative serum and 12-hour urine specimens in a centralized laboratory.

Risk of amniocentesis in women screened positive for Down syndrome with second trimester maternal serum markers.

In routine obstetrical practice, prior to offering invasive prenatal diagnosis, it is crucial to weigh the risks attendant on amniocentesis against the individual's risk of aneuploidy. We took advantage of a policy of follow-up of patients undergoing Down syndrome maternal serum screening to compare the rates of fetal loss before 24 weeks and of early premature delivery at 24-28 weeks between women who underwent amniocentesis and women who did not. A total of 54 902 patients entered the study, of whom 4039 (7.