Fundus autofluorescence and spectral-domain optical coherence tomography characteristics in a rapidly progressing form of geographic atrophy.

Purpose: To further characterize a previously described phenotypic variant of geographic atrophy (GA) associated with rapid progression and a diffuse-trickling appearance on fundus autofluorescence (FAF).

Methods: Thirty-six patients (60 eyes; 72.2% women; mean age, 69.

Protein-protein interactions and transcriptional antagonism between the subfamily of NGFI-B/Nur77 orphan nuclear receptors and glucocorticoid receptor.

Glucocorticoids (Gc) act through the glucocorticoid receptor (GR) to enhance or repress transcription of glucocorticoid-responsive genes depending on the promoter and cellular context. Repression of proopiomelanocortin (POMC) gene expression by Gc was proposed to use different mechanisms. We described the POMC promoter Nur response element (NurRE) as a target for Gc repression.

Dimer-specific potentiation of NGFI-B (Nur77) transcriptional activity by the protein kinase A pathway and AF-1-dependent coactivator recruitment.

The NGFI-B (Nur77) subfamily of orphan nuclear receptors (NRs), which also includes Nurr1 and NOR1, bind the NurRE regulatory element as either homo- or heterodimers formed between subfamily members. These NRs mediate the activation of pituitary proopiomelanocortin (POMC) gene transcription by the hypothalamic hormone corticotropin-releasing hormone (CRH), an important link between neuronal and endocrine components of the hypothalamo-pituitary-adrenal axis. CRH effects on POMC transcription do not require de novo protein synthesis.