FRAMES Elements Associated With Alcohol Treatment Research Assessments and Related Behavior Change.

Objective: Assessment reactivity research has contributed substantially to our understanding of alcohol treatment research protocols influencing clinical outcomes. The state of the science is such that relatively little is known about how alcohol treatment research participation influences behavior. The purpose of this study was twofold: (a) to determine the distribution of FRAMES elements (i.

Alcohol Treatment Research Contributing to Changes in Substance Use Behavior and Related Negative Consequences.

Objective: The purpose of this study was to investigate the extent to which two of the more salient characteristics of a treatment research assessment protocol (i.e., the comprehensiveness of the assessment battery and the frequency of its administration) for alcohol use disorder contribute to reductions in substance use and related negative consequences.

SMARCAL1 loss and alternative lengthening of telomeres (ALT) are enriched in giant cell glioblastoma.

Subsets of high-grade gliomas, including glioblastoma (GBM), are known to utilize the alternative lengthening of telomeres (ALT) pathway for telomere length maintenance. However, the telomere maintenance profile of one subtype of GBM-giant cell GBM-has not been extensively studied. Here, we investigated the prevalence of ALT, as well as ATRX and SMARCAL1 protein loss, in a cohort of classic giant cell GBM and GBM with giant cell features.

Development of the alcohol use discrepancy instrument (AUDI): An instrument for measuring a purported mechanism of behavior change underlying self-regulation theory.

Self-regulation theory (SRT) posits that individuals make decisions regarding behavior change based on a comparison of their actual (e.g., excessive alcohol use) and desired (e.

Testing Cross-Sectional and Prospective Mediators of Internalized Heterosexism on Heavy Drinking, Alcohol Problems, and Psychological Distress Among Heavy Drinking Men Who Have Sex With Men.

Objective: Minority stress theory is one of the primary theories used to understand substance use among lesbian, gay, and bisexual populations. This study tested whether drinking to cope with stress (DTC), loneliness, and gay community participation (GCP) mediated the relationship between one type of minority stress (i.e.

Ascertaining the relationships between the trajectories of specific categories of alcohol-related negative consequences and subsequent drinking behavior.

The first year following alcohol use disorder (AUD) treatment has been identified as a period of high risk for relapse and an important timeframe for enquiry regarding alcohol-related behavior change and its maintenance. In addition, at least among individuals with AUD, alcohol use and negative consequences have been shown to be reciprocally related. A commonly used measure of alcohol-related negative consequences is the Drinker Inventory of Consequences (DrInC).

Site-directed mutagenesis of rat α-parvalbumin: replacement of canonical CD-site residues with their non-consensus counterparts from rat β-parvalbumin.

Rat β-parvalbumin (β-PV) displays low divalent-ion affinity. Its CD site is distinguished by six non-consensus residues--the "CD-loop residues"--at positions 49, 50, 57-60. Additionally, leucine occupies position 85, rather than phenylalanine, the β-lineage-consensus residue.

5-HTTLPR moderates naltrexone and psychosocial treatment responses in heavy drinking men who have sex with men.

Background: A functional polymorphism (5-HTTLPR) in the promoter region of the serotonin transporter gene has been widely studied as a risk factor and moderator of treatment for a variety of psychopathologic conditions. To evaluate whether 5-HTTLPR moderates the effects of treatment to reduce heavy drinking, we studied 112 high-functioning European-American men who have sex with men (MSM). Subjects participated in a randomized clinical trial of naltrexone (NTX) and cognitive behavioral therapy (CBT) for problem drinking.

Unpacking personalized feedback: an exploratory study of the impact of its components and the reactions it elicits among problem drinking men who have sex with men.

Unlabelled: Personalized feedback (PF) has demonstrated effectiveness in reducing drinking. Few studies have examined its effectiveness with adult problem drinkers or its potential mediators or moderators, including developing discrepancy. This study aimed to identify potential mediators and moderators of PF provided to adult problem drinking men who have sex with men (PDMSM).

Variation in Mu-Opioid Receptor Gene as a Moderator of Naltrexone Treatment to Reduce Heavy Drinking in a High Functioning Cohort.

Background: It is well known that naltrexone, an FDA-approved medication for treatment of alcohol dependence, is effective for only a subset of individuals. Recent studies have examined the utility of a functional A118G single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) of the mu-opioid receptor gene as a predictor of naltrexone treatment response. Although the findings to date have generally been consistent with a moderating effect of the SNP, further evaluation of this hypothesis is warranted.

Alcohol treatment research assessment exposure: a critical review of the literature.

Alcohol treatment researchers have speculated about the benefits of research participation (e.g., research follow-up interviews functioning as aftercare) for more than 4 decades (Gallen, 1974).

Alcohol use post AUD treatment initiation as a predictor of later functioning.

Objective: To replicate and extend the earlier work of Maisto and colleagues showing an association between early post-treatment alcohol use and later functioning (1, 2, 3).

Methods: The present study classified adults presenting for alcohol use disorders (AUD) treatment (n = 114) into one of three drinker groups (i.e.

Objective versus subjective assessment of oral medication adherence in pediatric inflammatory bowel disease.

Background: The objective was to examine the prevalence and frequency of oral medication nonadherence using a multimethod assessment approach consisting of objective, subjective, and biological data in adolescents with inflammatory bowel disease (IBD).

Methods: Medication adherence was assessed via pill counts, patient/parent interview, and 6-thioguanine nucleotide (6-TGN)/6-methylmercaptopurine nucleotide (6-MMPN) metabolite bioassay in 42 adolescents with IBD. Pediatric gastroenterologists provided disease severity assessments.

Factors mediating the association between drinking in the first year after alcohol treatment and drinking at three years.

Objective: Previous research has shown a significant relationship between alcohol consumption in the first year following alcohol treatment admission and longer term functioning. This finding is clinically important and pertains to the clinical course of alcohol-use disorders(AUDs). This study investigated mediators of these relationships, focusing on the first year after treatment admission and alcohol consumption 3 years later.

Medication adherence and quality of life in pediatric inflammatory bowel disease.

Objective: To examine the relationship between medication adherence and quality of life (QOL) in adolescent patients with inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) utilizing a multimethod adherence assessment approach.

Methods: Medication adherence in 36 adolescents with IBD was assessed via interviews, pill counts, and biological assays. QOL was assessed via patient and parent report.

Alcohol treatment research assessment exposure subject reactivity effects: part II. Treatment engagement and involvement.

Objective: This is the second of two articles in this issue on participant reactivity to alcohol treatment research assessment protocols. In the first article, Clifford et al. presented experimental evidence that the combination of less frequent and less comprehensive assessment results in the least assessment reactivity, as measured by alcohol use and related consequences at 1 year after admission for adult outpatient treatment for alcohol problems.

Alcohol treatment research assessment exposure subject reactivity effects: part I. Alcohol use and related consequences.

Objective: There has been increasing recognition among alcohol treatment researchers that research assessment exposure subject reactivity effects can contribute to clinical outcomes, decrease study design sensitivity, and confound research findings. The present study is an experimental investigation of two of the more salient components of the research assessment interview (i.e.

Moderate drinking in the first year after treatment as a predictor of three-year outcomes.

Objective: The relationship between moderate alcohol consumption in the first year following alcohol treatment admission and longer-term functioning is clinically important and pertains to the clinical course of alcohol-use disorders. This study investigated these relationships, focusing on the first year posttreatment admission and 3 years later.

Method: Analyses were conducted on the outpatient Project MATCH (Matching Alcoholism Treatments to Client Heterogeneity) sample (n = 952 at baseline, and n = 802 at Months 37-39).

The utility of collateral informants in substance use research involving college students.

Collateral informants have been routinely included in substance abuse treatment research to corroborate subject self-reported alcohol and other drug use. However, only a few studies to date have examined subject-collateral correspondence with respect to non-clinical populations (e.g.

Drinking in the year after treatment as a predictor of three-year drinking outcomes.

Objective: Previous research suggests that abstinence from alcohol during the first year posttreatment for alcohol-use disorders (AUDs) is an important, independent predictor of longer-term alcohol consumption and related functioning. The purpose of this study was to test the hypothesis that abstinence during the first year posttreatment initiation predicts alcohol use at Months 37-39. A second aim of this study was to explore the relationship between "moderate" drinking in the first year and drinking at Months 37-39.

The effect of sleep loss on next day effort.

The study had two primary objectives. The first was to determine whether sleep loss results in a preference for tasks demanding minimal effort. The second was to evaluate the quality of performance when participants, under conditions of sleep loss, have control over task demands.