Montana's Early Childhood Educators: Recruiting and Retaining an Essential Workforce.

Unlabelled: Shifting realities across the world have emphasized the need to change early childhood systems thinking. Specifically, a quality early childhood workforce was in high demand before the COVID-19 pandemic and will continue to be in demand until sustainable recruitment and retention efforts are achieved. Encouraging more professionals to enter and stay in the field of early childhood education involves building an understanding of the current workforce through analyzing the influence of age, role, education, wages, and access to incentives on career motivation.

Geranyl-geraniol addition affects potency of bisphosphonates-a comparison in vitro promising a therapeutic approach for bisphosphonate-associated osteonecrosis of the jaw and oral wound healing.

Purpose: Analysis of the influence of geranyl-geraniol (GG) addition on four bisphosphonate derivatives regarding their influence on cell viability and migration ability of bone metabolism and endothelial cells in vitro.

Methods: Clodronate, pamidronate, ibandronate, and zoledronate were observed with and without GG addition, for their effect on human osteoblasts (HOB), normal human dermal fibroblasts (NHDF), human endothelial progenitor cells (EPC), and endothelial cells of the human umbilical cord (HUVEC) using migration-, MTT-, and colony-forming cell assays.

Results: Data pointed to a depressing effect of all bisphosphonates on the migration ability of NHDF, EPC, and HOB.

A stage-specific functional role of the leucine zipper transcription factor c-Maf in lung Th2 cell differentiation.

The transcription factor c-Maf controls IL-4 gene expression in CD4(+) T cells, and its expression is up-regulated in human asthmatic airways after allergen challenge. In the present study, we addressed the role of c-Maf in asthma by studying transgenic (Tg) mice overexpressing c-Maf in CD4(+) T cells under the control of the CD2 promoter. As shown, lung CD4(+) T cells of c-maf-Tg mice produced more IL-5 at the early stage (day 2) of culture in the presence of IL-4 than wild-type control cells.