Heterogeneous Longitudinal Antibody Responses to Covid-19 mRNA Vaccination.

Background: Public health measures to stem the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic are challenged by social, economic, health status, and cultural disparities that facilitate disease transmission and amplify its severity. Prior pre-clinical biomedical technologic advances in nucleic acid-based vaccination enabled unprecedented speed of conceptualization, development, production, and widespread distribution of mRNA vaccines that target SARS-CoV-2's Spike (S) protein.

Design: Twenty-five female and male volunteer fulltime employees at the Providence VA Medical Center participated in this study to examine longitudinal antibody responses to the Moderna mRNA-1273 vaccine.

C anatomy can evolve via a single developmental change.

C photosynthesis is a complex trait that boosts productivity in warm environments. Paradoxically, it evolved independently in numerous plant lineages, despite requiring specialised leaf anatomy. The anatomical modifications underlying C evolution have previously been evaluated through interspecific comparisons, which capture numerous changes besides those needed for C functionality.

Cost effectiveness analysis of Year 2 of an elementary school-located influenza vaccination program-Results from a randomized controlled trial.

Background: School-located vaccination against influenza (SLV-I) has the potential to improve current suboptimal influenza immunization coverage for U.S. school-aged children.

Evolutionary implications of C3 -C4 intermediates in the grass Alloteropsis semialata.

C4 photosynthesis is a complex trait resulting from a series of anatomical and biochemical modifications to the ancestral C3 pathway. It is thought to evolve in a stepwise manner, creating intermediates with different combinations of C4 -like components. Determining the adaptive value of these components is key to understanding how C4 photosynthesis can gradually assemble through natural selection.

Risk factors associated with sacral stress fractures: a systematic review.

Objectives: The objective of this study was to examine and identify risk factors associated with the development of sacral stress fractures in order to improve diagnosis in clinical practice.

Methods: Electronic search strategies in PubMed, CINAHL, Scopus, and SPORTDiscus were combined with a hand search to identify articles for inclusion. Studies were considered if they described patient cases in which imaging confirmed diagnosis of a sacral stress fracture, and the diagnosis included whether the fracture was a sacral insufficiency or sacral fatigue stress fracture.

Seasonal influenza vaccination at school: a randomized controlled trial.

Background: Influenza vaccination coverage for U.S. school-aged children is below the 80% national goal.

Cost effectiveness analysis of elementary school-located vaccination against influenza--results from a randomized controlled trial.

School-located vaccination against influenza (SLV-I) has been suggested to help meet the need for annual vaccination of large numbers of school-aged children with seasonal influenza vaccine. However, little is known about the cost and cost-effectiveness of SLV-I. We conducted a cost-analysis and a cost-effectiveness analysis based on a randomized controlled trial (RCT) of an SLV-I program implemented in Monroe County, New York during the 2009-2010 vaccination season.

Assessing the acceptability and feasibility of a school-located influenza vaccination program with third-party billing in elementary schools.

This study qualitatively assesses the acceptability and feasibility of a school-located vaccination for influenza (SLIV) project that was conducted in New York State in 2009-2011, from the perspectives of project participants with different roles. Fourteen in-depth semistructured interviews with participating schools' personnel and the mass vaccinator were tape-recorded and transcribed. Interviewees were randomly selected from stratified lists and included five principals, five school nurses, two school administrators, and two lead personnel from the mass vaccinator.

Increasing inner-city adult influenza vaccination rates: a randomized controlled trial.

Objectives: In a population of seniors served by urban primary care centers, we evaluated the effect of the practice-based intervention on influenza immunization rates and disparities in vaccination rates by race/ethnicity and insurance status.

Methods: A randomized controlled trial during 2003-2004 tested patient tracking/recall/outreach and provider prompts on improving influenza immunization rates. Patients aged > or = 65 years in six large inner-city primary care practices were randomly allocated to study or control group.

Influenza testing and antiviral prescribing practices among emergency department clinicians in 9 states during the 2006 to 2007 influenza season.

Study Objective: Influenza causes significant widespread illness each year. Emergency department (ED) clinicians are often first-line providers to evaluate and make treatment decisions for patients presenting with influenza. We sought to better understand ED clinician testing and treatment practices in the Emerging Infections Program Network, a federal, state, and academic collaboration that conducts active surveillance for influenza-associated hospitalizations.

Preventability of invasive pneumococcal disease and assessment of current polysaccharide vaccine recommendations for adults: United States, 2001-2003.

Unlabelled: BACKGROUND. To prevent Streptococcus pneumoniae infection among persons at highest risk for invasive pneumococcal disease (IPD), the pneumococcal polysaccharide vaccine (PPV) is currently recommended for persons >or=65 years old and persons 2-64 years old with certain underlying conditions. Policymakers have considered expanding recommendations for PPV to include persons who are 50-64 years old and additional populations at risk for IPD.

Why do not patients receive influenza vaccine in December and January?

Background: Influenza vaccination levels in older patients have changed little since the mid-1990s. Despite frequent health care visits by a majority of older persons, many missed opportunities continue to occur.

Methods: Patients were eligible for the study if they were age 50 and older, had not received influenza vaccine during the current season and were making a scheduled visit to one of the 13 study sites in California, New York, or New Mexico for purposes other than vaccination.

Physician practices and attitudes regarding adult immunizations.

Objectives: To assess immunization practices and attitudes of U.S. primary care physicians regarding adult influenza and pneumococcal immunizations.