Running exercise with end-expiratory breath holding up to the breaking point induces large and early fall in muscle oxygenation.

Purpose: The goal of this study was to assess the effects of repeated running bouts with end-expiratory breath holding (EEBH) up to the breaking point on muscle oxygenation.

Methods: Eight male runners participated in three randomised sessions each including two exercises on a motorised treadmill. The first exercise consisted in performing 10-12 running bouts with EEBH of maximum duration either (separate sessions) at 60% (active recovery), 80% (passive recovery) or 100% (passive recovery) of the maximal aerobic velocity (MAV).

Swimmers can train in hypoxia at sea level through voluntary hypoventilation.

This study used an innovative technique of pulse oximetry to investigate whether swimmers can train under hypoxic conditions through voluntary hypoventilation (VH). Ten trained subjects performed a front crawl swimming series with normal breathing (NB), VH at high (VHhigh) and low pulmonary volume (VHlow). Arterial oxygen saturation was continuously measured via pulse oximetry (SpO2) with a waterproofed forehead sensor.

Agreement between indirect calorimetry and traditional tests of lactose malabsorption.

Background: Lactose malabsorption occurs frequently and the variable consequent intolerance may seriously impair quality of life. No reliable and convenient test method is in routine clinical practice. A recent animal study showed that the respiratory quotient changed significantly after ingestion of sucrose and lactose in naturally lactase-deficient rats.

Imaging of sarcoidosis of the airways and lung parenchyma and correlation with lung function.

Imaging has a prominent role in the assessment of sarcoidosis diagnosis and outcome, which are extremely variable. Chest radiography staging helps predict the probability of spontaneous remission, and stage IV is associated with higher mortality. However, the reproducibility of reading is poor and changes in radiography and lung function are inconsistently correlated, which may be problematic for the monitoring of disease and treatment response.

Exercise with hypoventilation induces lower muscle oxygenation and higher blood lactate concentration: role of hypoxia and hypercapnia.

Eight men performed three series of 5-min exercise on a cycle ergometer at 65% of normoxic maximal O(2) consumption in four conditions: (1) voluntary hypoventilation (VH) in normoxia (VH(0.21)), (2) VH in hyperoxia (inducing hypercapnia) (inspired oxygen fraction [F(I)O(2)] = 0.29; VH(0.

High-resolution computed tomographic imaging of airways in sarcoidosis patients with airflow obstruction.

Objective: To investigate airway involvement in patients with pulmonary sarcoidosis and airflow obstruction (AO) using high-resolution computed tomography.

Methods: Forty-two sarcoidosis patients with AO and 42 matched sarcoidosis patients without AO were retrospectively analyzed. High-resolution computed tomographic patterns of airway involvement were bronchial distortion, peribronchovascular thickening, small airway obstruction, and bronchial compression by enlarged lymph nodes.

Effects of a 4-week training with voluntary hypoventilation carried out at low pulmonary volumes.

This study investigated the effects of training with voluntary hypoventilation (VH) at low pulmonary volumes. Two groups of moderately trained runners, one using hypoventilation (HYPO, n=7) and one control group (CONT, n=8), were constituted. The training consisted in performing 12 sessions of 55 min within 4 weeks.

Determinant factors of the decrease in aerobic performance in moderate acute hypoxia in women endurance athletes.

The purpose of this study was to evaluate the limiting factors of maximal aerobic performance in endurance trained (TW) and sedentary (UW) women. Subjects performed four incremental tests on a cycle ergometer at sea level and in normobaric hypoxia corresponding to 1000, 2500 and 4500 m. Maximal oxygen uptake decrement (Delta VO2 max) was larger in TW at each altitude.

Determinants of maximal oxygen uptake in moderate acute hypoxia in endurance athletes.

The factors determining maximal oxygen consumption were explored in eight endurance trained subjects (TS) and eight untrained subjects (US) exposed to moderate acute normobaric hypoxia. Subjects performed maximal incremental tests at sea level and simulated altitudes (1,000, 2,500, 4,500 m). Heart rate (HR), stroke volume (SV), cardiac output (.

Prolonged expiration down to residual volume leads to severe arterial hypoxemia in athletes during submaximal exercise.

The goal of this study was to assess the effects of a prolonged expiration (PE) carried out down to the residual volume (RV) during a submaximal exercise and consider whether it would be worth including this respiratory technique in a training programme to evaluate its effects on performance. Ten male triathletes performed a 5-min exercise at 70% of maximal oxygen consumption in normal breathing (NB(70)) and in PE (PE(70)) down to RV. Cardiorespiratory parameters were measured continuously and an arterialized blood sampling at the earlobe was performed in the last 15s of exercise.

[Pathophysiology of interstitial lung disease].

Chronic interstitial lung disease (ILD) groups a number of diseases with the common feature of radiological pulmonary infiltration, typical functional syndrome, and diffuse involvement of the deep pulmonary parenchyma identified histologically. Correlations between histological and radiological findings have enabled progress in both fields, leading to better interpretation of the radiological findings and optimizing the etiological diagnosis. Besides the signs themselves, their distribution in relation to the normal lung structures is highly contributive.

Effect of acute hypoxia on maximal exercise in trained and sedentary women.

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to determine the physiological responses of sedentary and endurance-trained female subjects during maximal exercise at different levels of acute hypoxia.

Methods: Fourteen women who were sea level residents were divided into two groups according to their level of fitness: 1) endurance-trained women (TW) (N = 7), VO(2max) = 56.3 +/- 4.

Membrane and capillary blood components of diffusion capacity of the lung for carbon monoxide in pulmonary sarcoidosis: relation to exercise gas exchange.

Background: Resting pulmonary diffusing capacity of the lung for carbon monoxide (DLCO) is known to be the best predictor of arterial desaturation during exercise in patients with sarcoidosis. However, the relative contribution of each of the two components of DLCO-alveolar membrane diffusing capacity (Dm) and pulmonary capillary blood volume (Vc)-remains unclear.

Study Objectives: To evaluate which component is responsible for the decrease of resting DLCO in patients with sarcoidosis, and to determine which resting pulmonary function test, including Dm and Vc, is the best predictor of gas exchange abnormalities during submaximal exercise.