Towards understanding the dose and timing effect of hydrocortisone treatment on the scleral ossicle system within the chicken eye.

Previous work, almost four decades ago, showed that hydrocortisone (HC) treatment reduces the number of skeletogenic condensations that give rise to the scleral ossicles in the chicken eye. The scleral ossicles are a ring of overlapping intramembranous bones, the sclerotic ring, and are present in most reptiles, including birds. The scleral condensations that give rise to the scleral ossicles are induced by a series of overlying thickenings (or papillae) of the conjunctival epithelium.

Power of Peers: Students' Perceptions of Pairing in Clinical Dental Education.

Prior studies have identified many benefits of peer mentoring in higher education, but the subject has not been widely examined in dental clinical education. Students at Midwestern University College of Dental Medicine-Arizona are paired with a partner for the duration of the clinical phase of education. The initial vision behind pairing was to train students in a realistic four-handed, efficient general practice model.

What shapes the oral jaws? Accommodation of complex dentition correlates with premaxillary but not mandibular shape.

Background: Teeth are integrated into the vertebrate oral jaws to provide a functional unit for feeding, however little is known about how this integration occurs during growth and development. The purpose of this study is to identify the ontogenetic changes in oral jaw shape that are associated with the transition of the oral dentition from unicuspid teeth to multicuspid teeth. Here, we compare the shape of the occluding upper (premaxilla) and lower (mandible) jaws of the toothed Mexican tetra (Astyanax mexicanus) and the toothless (oral teeth present, pharyngeal teeth absent) zebrafish (Danio rerio) over development.

A comparative analysis of chick culturing methods on skeletogenesis.

Chick embryos are desirable models for the study of developmental biology. Despite this, there are very few studies that examine the effect of different culturing methods on skeletogenesis, specifically, intramembranous and endochondral bones. This study presents a detailed description of these effects by comparing two different culturing methods: windowed (in the shell) eggs and ex-ovo or shell-less culturing to normal development.