Validity and reliability of the Neilands sexual stigma scale among Kenyan gay, bisexual, and other men who have sex with men.

Background: We evaluated the validity and reliability of the Neilands sexual stigma scale administered to 871 gay, bisexual, and other men who have sex with men (GBMSM) at two research locations in Kenya.

Methods: Using cross-validation, exploratory factor analysis (EFA) was performed on a randomly selected subset of participants and validated using confirmatory factor analysis (CFA) on the remaining participants. Associations of the initial and final stigma scale factors with depressive symptoms, alcohol use, and other substance use were examined for the entire dataset.

Depressive symptoms and problematic alcohol and other substance use in 1476 gay, bisexual, and other MSM at three research sites in Kenya.

Objective: Information on mental health and substance use challenges among gay, bisexual, and other MSM (GBMSM) is needed to focus resources on these issues and optimize services for HIV prevention and care. We determined factors associated with depressive symptoms and problematic alcohol and other substance use among GBMSM in Kenya.

Methods: Self-identified GBMSM in three HIV research studies in Kenya provided information on depressive symptoms [Patient Health Questionnaire 9 (PHQ-9)], alcohol use [Alcohol Use Disorder Identification Test (AUDIT)], and other substance use [Drug Abuse Screening Test 6 (DAST-6)].

Semen Bacterial Concentrations and HIV-1 RNA Shedding Among HIV-1-Seropositive Kenyan Men.

Introduction: HIV-1 is transmitted through semen from men to their sexual partners. Genital infections can increase HIV-1 RNA shedding in semen, but shedding also occurs in the absence of typical pathogens. We hypothesized that higher bacterial concentrations in semen would be associated with higher HIV-1 RNA levels.

An integrated city-driven perinatal HIV prevention program covering 1.8 million pregnant women in Shenzhen, China, 2000 to 2010.

Background: Despite the scale-up of prevention of mother-to-child transmission (PMTCT) programs worldwide, the translation from research studies into public health policy has been slow. This report details the experiences of a city-driven PMTCT program in China using existing health resources.

Methods: The PMTCT program was devised to hospital based and city-wide.

From spectators to implementers: civil society organizations involved in AIDS programmes in China.

Background: Over the past 20 years, civil society organizations (CSOs) in China have significantly increased their involvement in the AIDS response. This article aims to review the extent of civil society participation in China AIDS programmes over the past two decades.

Methods: A desk review was conducted to collect Chinese government policies, project documents and published articles on civil society participation of HIV/AIDS programmes in China over the past two decades.

Contributions of international cooperation projects to the HIV/AIDS response in China.

Background: For 20 years, China has participated in 267 international cooperation projects against the HIV/AIDS epidemic and received ∼526 million USD from over 40 international organizations. These projects have played an important role by complementing national efforts in the fight against HIV/AIDS in China.

Methods: The diverse characteristics of these projects followed three phases over 20 years.

Self-reported adverse events associated with antimalarial chemoprophylaxis in peace corps volunteers.

Objectives: To determine adverse events associated with the use of antimalarial chemoprophylaxis in Peace Corps volunteers who have served in malaria-endemic countries 6 months or longer.

Methods: Survey of Peace Corps volunteers' adverse events associated with the use of antimalarial chemoprophylaxis between August 1, 2005 and July 31, 2006. Analyses were conducted in fall 2006.