Environmental exposure of northern pike to a primary wastewater effluent: Impact on the lipidomic profile and lipid metabolism.

Lipids play important roles in growth, reproduction, locomotion, and migration of fish. Municipal effluents, which are complex mixtures of biological and chemical compounds including flame retardants, have been shown to alter lipid metabletabolism in environmentally and experimentally exposed fish. Down-regulation of several genes coding for fatty acid metabolism enzymes has previously been reported in male northern pike (Esox lucius) collected in the St.