High altitude is associated with pTau deposition, neuroinflammation, and myelin loss.

Mammals are able to adapt to high altitude (HA) if appropriate acclimation occurs. However, specific occupations (professional climbers, pilots, astronauts and other) can be exposed to HA without acclimation and be at a higher risk of brain consequences. In particular, US Air Force U2-pilots have been shown to develop white matter hyperintensities (WMH) on MRI.

Effects of Anthocyanin-rich Berries on the Risk of Metabolic Syndrome: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis.

Metabolic syndrome (MetS) can lead to fatal complications, including cardiovascular disease. Emerging evidence suggests has emerged that increased fruit and vegetable intake and decreased intake of saturated fats, simple sugars, and processed foods can improve cardiovascular health. Anthocyanins (color pigments) have anti-inflammatory and antioxidant capacities but are of low bioavailability.

Mapping Information Needs over the Diagnosis, Treatment, and Survivorship Trajectory for Esophago-gastric Cancer Patients and Their Main Supporters: a Retrospective Survey.

This study reports preliminary data about the information needs of esophago-gastric cancer survivors and their supporters across diagnosis and treatment by identifying time-specific needs and whether the information provided aligned with the needs at each time point. Survivors (n = 26) and supporters (n = 15) were recruited from a public teaching hospital in South Australia. Both groups provided recall data describing personal information domain challenges at 6 clinically significant time points ranging from diagnosis to > 2 years post diagnosis.

Organic vs. Inorganic Tracheobronchial Airway Foreign Body Aspiration: Does Type/Duration Matter?

Objective: We sought to determine the time course of clinical and histologic differences between aspirated inorganic and organic foreign bodies.

Study Design: In-vivo.

Methods: Twenty Sinclair miniature swine (Sus scrofa domesticus) were divided into two groups-inorganic or organic foreign bodies.

Duration of Ureteral Stenting Following Ureteroscopic Perforation in a Porcine Model.

Ureteroscopic ureteral perforations have been reported in up to 6% of cases, with recent studies suggesting a decline to less than 2%. Ureteroscopic perforations are managed with prolonged ureteral stenting of up to 6 weeks based on historical data. We sought to evaluate the time of urothelial healing and duration of ureteral stenting following a ureteroscopic perforation in a porcine model.

Laryngeal Thermal Injury Model.

A lack of reliable laryngeal thermal injury models precludes laryngeal burn wound healing studies and investigation of novel therapeutics. We hypothesize that a swine laryngeal burn model can allow for laryngeal burn evaluation over time. Twelve Yorkshire crossbreed swine underwent tracheostomy and endoscopically directed laryngeal burns using heated air (150-160°C).

Non-human Primate Total-body Irradiation Model with Limited and Full Medical Supportive Care Including Filgrastim for Biodosimetry and Injury Assessment.

An assessment of multiple biomarkers from radiation casualties undergoing limited- or full-supportive care including treatment with filgrastim is critical to develop rapid and effective diagnostic triage strategies. The efficacy of filgrastim with full-supportive care was compared with results with limited-supportive care by analyzing survival, necropsy, histopathology and serial blood samples for hematological, serum chemistry and protein profiles in a non-human primate (Macaca mulatta, male and female) model during 60-d post-monitoring period following sham- and total-body irradiation with 6.5 Gy Co gamma-rays at 0.

Cercopithecine Herpesvirus 9 (Simian Varicella Virus) Infection after Total-Body Irradiation in a Rhesus Macaque (Macaca mulatta).

This case report describes a rhesus macaque (Macaca mulatta; male; age, 5 y; weight, 6.7 kg) with anorexia, dehydration, lethargy, ataxia, and generalized skin rashes that occurred 30 d after total-body irradiation at 6.5 Gy ((60)Co γ-rays).

Strain variation in the adaptation of C57Bl6 and BALBc mice to chronic hypobaric hypoxia.

The interplay of environmental and genetic factors may lead to a spectrum of physiological and behavioral outcomes. How environmental stress factors interact with the diverse mouse genomes is still poorly understood and elucidating the underlying interactions requires specific stress models that can target integrated physiological systems. Here, we employ behavioral tests and whole-body plethysmography to examine the effects of 12 weeks of simulated high altitude (HA) exposure on two inbred mouse strains, BALBc and C57Bl6.

Gastrointestinal acute radiation syndrome in Göttingen minipigs (Sus scrofa domestica).

In the absence of supportive care, exposing Göttingen minipigs to γ-radiation doses of less than 2 Gy achieves lethality due to hematopoietic acute radiation syndrome. Doses of 2 to 5 Gy are associated with an accelerated hematopoietic syndrome, characterized by villus blunting and fusion, the beginning of sepsis, and a mild transient reduction in plasma citrulline concentration. We exposed male Göttingen minipigs (age, 5 mo; weight, 9 to 11 kg) to γ-radiation doses of 5 to 12 Gy (total body; (60)Co, 0.

Laparoscopic colpotomy using monopolar electrocautery: does power really matter?

Objective: The purpose of this study was to assess the extent and rate of vaginal tissue injury associated with the utilization of various monopolar electrosurgical power settings when laparoscopically transecting vaginal tissue.

Methods: This is an Institutional Animal Care and Use Committee-approved prospective, paired, single-blinded study. Externalized porcine vagina was transected using monopolar energy at 30, 50, and 80 W in the cut mode with laparoscopic Endo Shears.

Accelerated hematopoietic syndrome after radiation doses bridging hematopoietic (H-ARS) and gastrointestinal (GI-ARS) acute radiation syndrome: early hematological changes and systemic inflammatory response syndrome in minipig.

Purpose: To characterize acute radiation syndrome (ARS) sequelae at doses intermediate between the bone marrow (H-ARS) and full gastrointestinal (GI-ARS) syndrome.

Methods: Male minipigs, approximately 5 months old, 9-12 kg in weight, were irradiated with Cobalt-60 (total body, bilateral gamma irradiation, 0.6 Gy/min).

The Gottingen minipig is a model of the hematopoietic acute radiation syndrome: G-colony stimulating factor stimulates hematopoiesis and enhances survival from lethal total-body γ-irradiation.

Purpose: We are characterizing the Gottingen minipig as an additional large animal model for advanced drug testing for the acute radiation syndrome (ARS) to enhance the discovery and development of novel radiation countermeasures. Among the advantages provided by this model, the similarities to human hematologic parameters and dynamics of cell loss/recovery after irradiation provide a convenient means to compare the efficacy of drugs known to affect bone marrow cellularity and hematopoiesis.

Methods And Materials: Male Gottingen minipigs, 4 to 5 months old and weighing 9 to 11 kg, were used for this study.

Oral anticoagulation and antiplatelets in atrial fibrillation patients after myocardial infarction and coronary intervention.

Objectives: The purpose of this study was to investigate the risk of thrombosis and bleeding according to multiple antithrombotic treatment regimens in atrial fibrillation (AF) patients after myocardial infarction (MI) or percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI).

Background: The optimal antithrombotic treatment strategy is unresolved in patients with multiple indications.

Methods: A total of 12,165 AF patients hospitalized with MI and/or undergoing PCI between 2001 and 2009 were identified by nationwide registries (60.

Strengthening the accumbal indirect pathway promotes resilience to compulsive cocaine use.

A hallmark of addiction is the loss of control over drug intake, which is seen in only a fraction of those exposed to stimulant drugs such as cocaine. The cellular mechanisms underlying vulnerability or resistance to compulsive drug use remain unknown. We found that individual variability in the development of highly motivated and perseverative behavior toward cocaine is associated with synaptic plasticity in medium spiny neurons expressing dopamine D2 receptors (D2-MSNs) in the nucleus accumbens (NAc) of mice.

Cocaine-induced plasticity in the nucleus accumbens is cell specific and develops without prolonged withdrawal.

Cocaine induces plasticity at glutamatergic synapses in the nucleus accumbens (NAc). Withdrawal was suggested to play an important role in the development of this plasticity by studies showing that some changes only appear several weeks after the final cocaine exposure. In this study, the requirement for prolonged withdrawal was evaluated by comparing the changes in glutamatergic transmission induced by two different noncontingent cocaine treatments: a short treatment followed by prolonged withdrawal, and a longer treatment without prolonged withdrawal.

Dopamine D2 receptor overexpression alters behavior and physiology in Drd2-EGFP mice.

Bacteria artificial chromosome (BAC) transgenic mice expressing the reporter protein enhanced green fluorescent protein (EGFP) under the control of the D1 and D2 dopamine receptor promoters (Drd1-EGFP and Drd2-EGFP) have been widely used to study striatal function and have contributed to our understanding of the physiological and pathological functions of the basal ganglia. These tools were produced and promptly made available to address questions in a cell-specific manner that has transformed the way we frame hypotheses in neuroscience. However, these mice have not been fully characterized until now.

Effect of teriparatide [rhPTH(1,34)] and calcitonin on intertransverse process fusion in a rabbit model.

Study Design: Randomized, double-blinded, placebo controlled animal study.

Objective: To evaluate the effect of teriparatide and calcitonin after an intertransverse process spinal fusion in a rabbit model.

Summary Of Background Data: It is widely recognized that some osteoporosis medications, including bisphosphonates, can interfere with bone healing.