Upper gastrointestinal bleeding due to primary aortoenteric fistula.

Primary aortoenteric fistula (PAEF) is a rare but clinically important cause of catastrophic gastrointestinal bleeding. "Herald bleeding" is a characteristic symptom which refers to specific case of upper gastrointestinal bleeding that stop temporarily spontaneously and then proceeds to massive bleeding. We present the case report of a 55-year-old male with PAEF who was admitted due to upper gastrointestinal bleeding.

Surgical treatment of hepatic haemangiomas: a 15-year experience.

Background: Hepatic haemangiomas are congenital vascular malformations. They are the most common benign tumours of the liver and are often asymptomatic. Spontaneous or traumatic rupture, intratumoral bleeding, consumption coagulopathy and rapid growth are the mandatory surgical indications.