Effectiveness of community-based oral antiviral treatments against severe COVID-19 outcomes in people 70 years and over in Victoria, Australia, 2022: an observational study.

Background: Oral Antiviral (OAV) COVID-19 treatments are widely used, but evidence for their effectiveness against the Omicron variant in higher risk, vaccinated individuals is limited.

Methods: Retrospective study of two vaccinated cohorts of COVID-19 cases aged ≥70 years diagnosed during a BA.4/5 Omicron wave in Victoria, Australia.

Combining error-driven models of associative learning with evidence accumulation models of decision-making.

As people learn a new skill, performance changes along two fundamental dimensions: Responses become progressively faster and more accurate. In cognitive psychology, these facets of improvement have typically been addressed by separate classes of theories. Reductions in response time (RT) have usually been addressed by theories of skill acquisition, whereas increases in accuracy have been explained by associative learning theories.

To err is (perfectly) human: behavioural and neural correlates of error processing and perfectionism.

The attitude towards one's own imperfection strongly varies between individuals. Here, we investigated variations in error-related activity depending on two sub-traits of perfectionism, Personal Standard Perfectionism (PSP) and Evaluative Concern Perfectionism (ECP) in a large scale functional magnetic resonance imaging study (N = 75) using a digit-flanker task. Participants with higher PSP scores showed both more post-error slowing and more neural activity in the medial-frontal gyrus including anterior cingulate cortex after errors.