Forward Flux Sampling of Polymer Desorption Paths from a Solid Surface into Dilute Solution.

We compute desorption rates for isolated polymers adsorbed to a solid wall with a rare event sampling technique called multilevel splitting, also known as forward flux sampling. We interpret computed rates with theories based on the conjecture that the product tdesDRg2 of the desorption time tdes and diffusivity D divided by squared radius of gyration Rg scales with exp() where is the equilibrium ratio of adsorbed surface concentration of polymer Γ to bulk concentration of polymer c. As the polymer-wall interaction energy is increased, the slope of lntdesDRg2 vs.

Misunderstood food date labels and reported food discards: A survey of U.S. consumer attitudes and behaviors.

Introduction: Food date labels such as "best before" and "sell by" are largely unregulated in the United States (U.S.), although new voluntary standards are coming into effect.

Fast calibration of electromagnetically tracked oblique-viewing rigid endoscopes.

Purpose: The oblique-viewing (i.e., angled) rigid endoscope is a commonly used tool in conventional endoscopic surgeries.