Hope is Not a Strategy: Key Lessons from COVID-19 for Future Health Crises.

Introduction: The COVID-19 pandemic disrupted global economies, social structures, and public health systems. However, Denmark stood out as an exception, maintaining steady life expectancy during this period. This raises important questions about the factors that strengthened the Danish healthcare system and society against the pandemic's challenges.

Towards reliable forecasting of healthcare capacity needs: A scoping review and evidence mapping.

Background: The COVID-19 pandemic has highlighted the critical importance of robust healthcare capacity planning and preparedness for emerging crises. However, healthcare systems must also adapt to more gradual temporal changes in disease prevalence and demographic composition over time. To support proactive healthcare planning, statistical capacity forecasting models can provide valuable information to healthcare planners.

Is there evidence of a causal link between childhood maltreatment and attention deficit/hyperactivity disorder? A systematic review of prospective longitudinal studies using the Bradford-Hill criteria.

Background: Studies report an elevated risk of maltreatment in children with attention deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD), and elevated levels of ADHD in people who suffered childhood maltreatment (CM). However, the direction(s) of causality between CM and ADHD remain unclear-does ADHD create a context for CM, does CM cause ADHD, or both?

Objective: This study systematically reviews and qualitatively synthesizes the research evidence relating to this question using Bradford-Hill criteria for establishing causality- and

Methods: We conducted a systematic review, following PRISMA guidelines, of prospective longitudinal studies examining both CM and ADHD. We then used Bradford-Hill criteria to assess the quality of evidence for a causal link between CM and ADHD.

The effect of the Development and Well-Being Assessment as an adjunct to standard referral letters on referral decisions by child and adolescent mental health services - a randomized feasibility trial.

High rejection rates for referrals to child and adolescent mental health services (CAMHS) are common. The most cited reasons for rejection are that the child does not have a clinical need for assessment and poor quality of the referrals. However, studies of interventions aimed at improving appropriateness of referrals are sparse.

Help-seeking pathways prior to referral to outpatient child and adolescent mental health services.

Aim: To investigate parental help-seeking patterns prior to referral to outpatient child and adolescent mental health services (CAMHS), and whether type of symptoms or duration of mental health problems prior to referral influence help-seeking.

Setting: Child mental health services in Denmark involve several sectors collaborating based on stepped-care principles. Access to CAMHS is free of charge but requires a formal referral.

Parent-perceived barriers to accessing services for their child's mental health problems.

Background: Many children and adolescents with impairing mental health disorders are not in contact with specialized child and adolescent mental health services (CAMHS). In order to close the service gap, it is important to increase our knowledge of barriers to access. The aim of this study was to investigate parent perceived barriers to accessing services for their child's mental health problems to identify potential areas for improvement of access to CAMHS.

Medical disorders in a Danish cohort of children with attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder.

Studies have identified a higher prevalence of co-existing psychiatric and medical disorders in children with ADHD. There is a shortage of longitudinal studies providing an overview of potential medical disorders in children with ADHD. The objective of this study was to provide a broad overview of lifetime prevalence and relative risk of medical disorders in a nationwide Danish cohort of children with and without ADHD during the first 12 years of life.

Treatment of ADHD in adults - prevalence of discontinuation and associated factors - results from a cross-sectional analysis of Danish register data.

Background: A growing number of adults are receiving pharmacological treatment for ADHD but a sizable proportion also discontinues or have gaps in treatment. The primary aims of this study were to identify how many patients treated for ADHD in adulthood, have at least one event of discontinuation in treatment and to identify possible associated variables.

Methods: Within the Danish population aged 18-60 years on the 1st of January 2013, we identified the number of individuals who had been prescribed ADHD-medication at least once during the 1st of January 2002-31st of December 2013 using Danish register data.

Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder in Childhood and Adolescence and the Risk of Crime in Young Adulthood in a Danish Nationwide Study.

Objective: To determine the risk of long-term conviction and incarceration associated with childhood attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD), and to identify risk and protective factors including associations with active treatment with ADHD medication.

Method: All participants with ADHD who were 4 to 15 years of age during 1995 to 2005 were matched by year of birth and sex to a random sample of participants without ADHD from the Danish population using nationwide registers. Using Cox proportional hazard models, we estimated the risk of conviction and incarceration associated with ADHD in childhood and estimated associations with active treatment and outcome.

Patients in medical treatment for attention deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD): Are they at risk in drug screening?

The use of medicines to treat attention deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) has increased worldwide, including the use of amphetamine-based medicines or prodrugs that metabolise to amphetamine in vivo. At the same time, drugs-of-abuse testing by non-specific, point-of-care immunoassay methods ('quick tests') has increased. This article discusses the risk of 'false positive' results or post-analytical misinterpretations of results when immunoassays are used to analyse biological samples from ADHD patients.

The effect of having a child with ADHD or ASD on family separation.

Purpose: The primary aim of this study was to estimate the risk of parental separation associated with having a child with ADHD or ASD when controlling for a large range of known risk factors for parental separation using Danish registries.

Methods: The study included all children with ADHD or ASD born between 1990 and 1998 in Denmark and a sex and age matched random sample of children from the background population. We followed these children and their parents from birth until the child's 25th birthday, parental separation or December 31, 2015, whichever came first.

Comparative efficacy and tolerability of medications for attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder in children, adolescents, and adults: a systematic review and network meta-analysis.

Background: The benefits and safety of medications for attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) remain controversial, and guidelines are inconsistent on which medications are preferred across different age groups. We aimed to estimate the comparative efficacy and tolerability of oral medications for ADHD in children, adolescents, and adults.

Methods: We did a literature search for published and unpublished double-blind randomised controlled trials comparing amphetamines (including lisdexamfetamine), atomoxetine, bupropion, clonidine, guanfacine, methylphenidate, and modafinil with each other or placebo.

Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder in Childhood: Healthcare Use in a Danish Birth Cohort during the First 12 Years of Life.

Objectives: To compare the mean number of medical and psychiatric hospital-based services in children with and without attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) and to assess the effect of ADHD on hospital-based service use, including child-, parental-, and socioeconomic-related risk factors.

Study Design: A Danish birth cohort was followed through 12 years, and children with ADHD were identified using Danish nationwide registries. Poisson regression analyses were used to assess the association of ADHD with service use and to adjust for a comprehensive set of explanatory variables.

Comparative efficacy and tolerability of pharmacological interventions for attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder in children, adolescents and adults: protocol for a systematic review and network meta-analysis.

Introduction: Attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) is a major public health issue. Pharmacological treatments play an important role in the multimodal treatment of ADHD. Currently, there is a lack of up-to-date and comprehensive evidence on how available ADHD drugs compare and rank in terms of efficacy and tolerability, in children or adolescents as well as in adults.

Time Trends in Lifetime Incidence Rates of First-Time Diagnosed Bipolar and Depressive Disorders Across 16 Years in Danish Psychiatric Hospitals: A Nationwide Study.

Objective: There is conflicting evidence as to whether or not the incidences of affective disorders are on the rise. The aim of the present study was to identify time trends across 16 years in the incidences of affective disorders in a nationwide sample.

Methods: Using the Danish Psychiatric Central Research Registry, age- and sex-adjusted incidence rates of diagnosed affective disorders in Danish psychiatric hospitals using ICD-10 classification were calculated per 100,000 person-years for the population aged 4-65 years during the period 1995-2010.

A meta-analysis and systematic review of the risks associated with childhood attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder on long-term outcome of arrests, convictions, and incarcerations.

The primary aim of this study was to systematically review and estimate the risk of arrests, convictions, and incarcerations associated with childhood Attention Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD) in long-term outcome studies. In addition, all included studies were qualitatively and systematically reviewed for predictors of long-term crimes. The databases Pubmed, PsycINFO and Embase were searched for all controlled studies that included children and adolescents (age 4-15) with ADHD who had been followed longitudinally and reported the frequency of arrests, convictions or incarcerations based on data from official sources.

Cognitive behavioural therapy for ADHD in adults: systematic review and meta-analyses.

Systematically review and analyse the efficacy of CBT versus treatment as usual in adults with ADHD. The literature was systematically searched ending the 28 March 2014. Standardised mean differences (SMD) and 95% confidence intervals were calculated.

What Do Primary and Secondary School Teachers Know About ADHD in Children? Findings From a Systematic Review and a Representative, Nationwide Sample of Danish Teachers.

Objective: To identify what primary and secondary school teachers know about ADHD in children and, furthermore, to identify which factors predict their knowledge.

Method: A 29-item questionnaire about ADHD was distributed to a random, nationwide, and representative sample of Danish primary and secondary school teachers. Data were analyzed descriptively and by hierarchical regression analysis.

What do the general population know, believe and feel about individuals with autism and schizophrenia: Results from a comparative survey in Denmark.

Few studies investigate what members of the general population know about individuals with autism. Only one study has previously investigated how beliefs about autism differ from those about other psychiatric disorders. This study surveyed a convenience sample of the general adult population, within the Northern Region of Denmark, about their knowledge, attitudes and beliefs about individuals with autism and schizophrenia.

Time trends in incidence rates of diagnosed attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder across 16 years in a nationwide Danish registry study.

Objective: To investigate time trends in incidence rates of first-time diagnosed attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) in a nationwide sample aged 4-65 years across 16 years and identify potential contributing factors to these time trends.

Method: Incidence rates of first-time diagnosed ADHD based on ICD-10 criteria in Danish psychiatric hospitals per 100,000 person years (PY) were calculated for the total population, the 2 sexes, and 4 age groups using data from the Danish Psychiatric Central Research Registry and annual census data. Time trends and the role of contributing factors were analyzed and identified using joinpoint regression procedures by calculating annual percent changes for the time period 1995-2010.

Time trends in lifetime incidence rates of first-time diagnosed anorexia nervosa and bulimia nervosa across 16 years in a Danish nationwide psychiatric registry study.

Objective: To study recent time trends in the incidence of diagnosed anorexia nervosa (AN) and bulimia nervosa (BN) based on nationwide psychiatric register data.

Method: The Danish Psychiatric Central Research Registry was used to identify the incidence of diagnosed cases with AN and BN at the ages of 4-65 years from 1995 to 2010. Age- and sex-adjusted incidence rates per 100,000 person-years were calculated and were adjusted for time trends in the total number of people diagnosed in psychiatry.

Comorbid mental disorders in children and adolescents with attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder in a large nationwide study.

The present study aimed at identifying the full range of mental disorders comorbid to attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) in children and adolescents (age 4-17) diagnosed in Danish psychiatric hospitals between 1995 and 2010. A total of 14,825 patients were included in the study and comorbid disorders diagnosed concurrent with ADHD were identified. Associations of comorbid disorders with sex, age, and other mental disorders were investigated by logistic regression analysis.

Time trends over 16 years in incidence-rates of autism spectrum disorders across the lifespan based on nationwide Danish register data.

This study investigated time trends and associated factors of incidence rates of diagnosed autism spectrum disorders (ASD) across the lifespan from 1995 to 2010, using data from the Danish Psychiatric Central Research Registry. First time diagnosis of childhood autism, atypical autism, Asperger's syndrome, or pervasive developmental disorder-unspecified (PDD-NOS) were identified, incidence rates were calculated, and data were fitted using non-linear least squares methods. A total of 14.

Preceding diagnoses to young adult bipolar disorder and schizophrenia in a nationwide study.

Background: The aim of this comparative study was to investigate the type and frequency of diagnoses preceding adult bipolar disorder (BD) and schizophrenia (SZ).

Methods: A follow-back study of all preceding diagnoses in all patients aged 21-34 years with a primary, first time diagnosis of BD (N = 784) or SZ (N = 1667) in 2008 to 2010. Data were taken from the Danish Psychiatric Central Research Register (DPCRR) including ICD-10 and ICD-8 diagnoses.