Uveitis is predominantly of infectious origin in a high HIV and TB prevalence setting in rural South Africa.

Aims: To determine the burden of disease in a unique sample of patients with uveitis from a rural South African setting.

Methods: Data in this cross-sectional study were collected from patients presenting with uveitis (n=103) at the ophthalmology outpatient department of three hospitals in rural South Africa. Demographic and clinical data were collected, and laboratory analysis of aqueous humour, serological evaluation and routine diagnostics for tuberculosis (TB) were performed.

Early- and late-stage ocular complications of herpes zoster ophthalmicus in rural South Africa.

Objectives: To describe the spectrum of ocular complications of herpes zoster ophthalmicus (HZO) in rural South Africa.

Methods: Patients presenting with visual complaints and active or healed HZO at the ophthalmology outpatient department of three hospitals in rural South Africa were included in this study. Demographic and clinical data were collected, and HIV status was determined for all participants.

Anterior chamber paracentesis to improve diagnosis and treatment of infectious uveitis in South Africa.

Infectious uveitis is a significant cause of blindness in South Africa, especially among HIV-infected individuals. The visual outcome of uveitis depends on early clinical and laboratory diagnosis to guide therapeutic intervention. Analyses of aqueous humor, obtained by anterior chamber paracentesis, directs the differential diagnosis in infectious uveitis.

Good visual outcome of tuberculous chorioretinitis after ART initiation in a HIV-infected patient.

Mycobacterium tuberculosis infection is an important cause of sight-threatening chorioretinitis in HIV-infected individuals living in M. tuberculosis endemic areas. We present a case of tuberculous chorioretinitis in a HIV-infected man after recent initiation of antiretroviral therapy in rural South Africa, who had nearly complete resolution of clinical signs and symptoms after standard tuberculosis treatment.

Ocular infections in sub-Saharan Africa in the context of high HIV prevalence.

Healthy eyes and good vision are important determinants of populations' health across the globe. Sub-Saharan Africa is affected by simultaneous epidemics of ocular infections and human immunodeficiency virus (HIV). Ocular infection and its complications, along with cataract and ocular trauma, are common conditions in this region with great impact on daily life.

Severe pan-uveitis in a patient treated with vemurafenib for metastatic melanoma.

Background: Vemurafenib, an inhibitor of genetically activated BRAF, is now commonly prescribed for metastatic melanoma harboring a BRAF mutation. Reports on side effects have focused on cutaneous complications. We here present a case of a severe pan-uveitis associated with vemurafenib use.

Ocular immune reconstitution inflammatory syndromes.

Purpose Of Review: The aim of this article is to review the current literature concerning immune reconstitution inflammatory syndrome in relation to the eye. The definition, epidemiology, pathophysiology, risk factors, clinical features, diagnosis and treatment are discussed.

Recent Findings: Immune reconstitution inflammatory syndrome affecting the eye has been documented in association with cytomegalovirus retinitis following the introduction of highly active antiretroviral therapy in a large number of patients.