Patterns and predictors of COVID-19 vaccination among young adults at 44 US sites: Secondary analysis of a randomized, controlled, open-label trial, March - December 2021.

Background: The introduction of vaccines during the COVID-19 pandemic provided an opportunity to slow transmission of SARS-CoV-2, but initial uptake of COVID-19 vaccination was slow. We analyzed data from a randomized clinical trial of the mRNA-1273 vaccine (NCT04811664) to describe the patterns of uptake of COVID-19 vaccines among young adults.

Methods: The CoVPN 3006 trial randomized adults ages 18-29 from 44 sites in the United States to receive 1) immediate mRNA-1273 vaccination from the study site, or 2) standard of care, including the option to seek vaccination at any time in the future.

Wearable alcohol monitors for alcohol use data collection among college students: Feasibility and acceptability.

Objective: We assessed the feasibility and acceptability of using BACtrack Skyn wearable alcohol monitors for alcohol research in a college student population.

Methods: We enrolled n = 5 (Sample 1) and n = 84 (Sample 2) Indiana University undergraduate students to wear BACtrack Skyn devices continuously over a 5-day to 7-day study period. We assessed feasibility in both samples by calculating compliance with study procedures, and by analyzing amount and distributions of device output [e.

Development and validation of a model for measuring alcohol consumption from transdermal alcohol content data among college students.

Background And Aims: Transdermal alcohol content (TAC) data collected by wearable alcohol monitors could potentially contribute to alcohol research, but raw data from the devices are challenging to interpret. We aimed to develop and validate a model using TAC data to detect alcohol drinking.

Design: We used a model development and validation study design.

A Per-Protocol Analysis Using Inverse-Probability-of-Censoring Weights in a Randomized Trial of Initial Protease Inhibitor Versus Nonnucleoside Reverse Transcriptase Inhibitor Regimens in Children.

Protocol adherence may influence measured treatment effectiveness in randomized controlled trials. Using data from a multicenter trial (Europe and the Americas, 2002-2009) of children with human immunodeficiency virus type 1 who had been randomized to receive initial protease inhibitor (PI) versus nonnucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitor (NNRTI) antiretroviral therapy regimens, we generated time-to-event intention-to-treat (ITT) estimates of treatment effectiveness, applied inverse-probability-of-censoring weights to generate per-protocol efficacy estimates, and compared shifts from ITT to per-protocol estimates across and within treatment arms. In ITT analyses, 263 participants experienced 4-year treatment failure probabilities of 41.

Target Trial Emulation: A Design Tool for Cancer Clinical Trials.

Purpose: To apply target trial emulation to explore the potential impact of eligibility criteria on the primary outcome of a randomized controlled trial.

Methods: Simulations of a real-world explanatory trial of transarterial radioembolization for advanced unresectable hepatocellular carcinoma with portal vein invasion were performed to examine the effects of cohort specification on survival outcomes and patient sample size. Simulations comprised 24 different permutations of the trial varied on three disease nonspecific eligibility parameters.

Does receiving a SARS-CoV-2 antibody test result change COVID-19 protective behaviors? Testing risk compensation in undergraduate students with a randomized controlled trial.

Background: Risk compensation, or matching behavior to a perceived level of acceptable risk, can blunt the effectiveness of public health interventions. One area of possible risk compensation during the SARS-CoV-2 pandemic is antibody testing. While antibody tests are imperfect measures of immunity, results may influence risk perception and individual preventive actions.

The association between social factors and COVID-19 protective behaviors and depression and stress among midwestern US college students.

Purpose: The aim of this cross-sectional study was to examine the relationship between social factors and COVID-19 protective behaviors and two outcomes: depressive and perceived stress symptoms.

Methods: In September 2020, 1,064 randomly selected undergraduate students from a large midwestern university completed an online survey and provided information on demographics, social activities, COVID-19 protective behaviors (i.e.

The relationship between acquaintance with a SARS-CoV-2 death, positive SARS-CoV-2 test results, and sleep duration among college students in fall 2020.

Background: The aim of this study was to test whether two SARS-CoV-2 experiences, knowing someone who had died of SARS-CoV-2 infection and having received a positive SARS-CoV-2 test result, were associated with shorter sleep duration among undergraduate students.

Methods: An online cross-sectional study was conducted at a large public Midwestern university in September 2020 (fall semester). Self-reported average sleep duration and the exposures of interest, knowing someone who died from a SARS-CoV-2 infection and their own SARS-CoV-2 test result, were collected from 1,058 undergraduate study participants.

SARS-CoV-2 reinfections in a US university setting, Fall 2020 to Spring 2021.

Background: SARS-CoV-2 reinfections are a public health concern because of the potential for transmission and clinical disease, and because of our limited understanding of whether and how well an infection confers protection against subsequent infections. Despite the public health importance, few studies have reported rigorous estimates of reinfection risk.

Methods: Leveraging Indiana University's comprehensive testing program to identify both asymptomatic and symptomatic SARS-CoV-2 cases, we estimated the incidence of SARS-CoV-2 reinfection among students, faculty, and staff across the 2020-2021 academic year.

Does cigarette or E-cigarette use increase the risk for SARS-CoV-2 seroconversion among Midwestern college students?

Objective: This longitudinal study tested the relationship between cigarette and e-cigarette use and SARS-CoV-2 seroconversion among US college students.

Participants: Undergraduate students (n = 764), drawn from a randomly selected invitation-only pool from a large Midwestern university, that were initially negative for SARS-CoV-2 antibodies and were re-tested in November were included in this study conducted in Fall 2020.

Methods: Demographics and cigarette and e-cigarette use behaviors (nicotine use) were collected in a baseline survey.

Relationship between high-risk alcohol consumption and severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) seroconversion: a prospective sero-epidemiological cohort study among American college students.

Aims: To estimate the associations between high-risk alcohol consumption and (1) severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) seroconversion, (2) self-reported new SARS-CoV-2 infection and (3) symptomatic COVID-19.

Design: Prospective cohort study.

Setting: Indiana University Bloomington (IUB), IN, USA.

Use of research electronic data capture (REDCap) in a COVID-19 randomized controlled trial: a practical example.

Background: Randomized controlled trials (RCT) are considered the ideal design for evaluating the efficacy of interventions. However, conducting a successful RCT has technological and logistical challenges. Defects in randomization processes (e.

If you build it, will they come? Social, economic, and psychological determinants of COVID-19 testing decisions.

Background: The efficacy of testing and tracing programs to reduce COVID-19 transmission hinges not only on widespread access to testing, but also on the public's willingness to participate in them. To the extent that testing intentions are patterned by social determinants of health, this constitutes an understudied mechanism of disparities in COVID-19 morbidity and mortality.

Design: Using data from a representative household probability sample, the Person to Person Health Interview Study (n = 935), sociodemographic, economic, and psychological determinants of testing considerations were evaluated across six domains: treatment affordability, ability to work if positive, hospital effectiveness, symptom severity, proximity to infected, and risk of transmitting to others.

A Cross-Sectional Analysis of Demographic and Behavioral Risk Factors of Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2 Seropositivity Among a Sample of U.S. College Students.

Purpose: Colleges and universities across the United States are developing and implementing data-driven prevention and containment measures against severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) infection. Identifying risk factors for SARS-CoV-2 seropositivity could help to direct these efforts. This study aimed to estimate the associations between demographic factors and social behaviors and SARS-CoV-2 seropositivity and self-reported positive SARS-CoV-2 diagnostic test.

Estimation of the incubation period of COVID-19 using viral load data.

The incubation period, or the time from infection to symptom onset, of COVID-19 has usually been estimated by using data collected through interviews with cases and their contacts. However, this estimation is influenced by uncertainty in the cases' recall of exposure time. We propose a novel method that uses viral load data collected over time since hospitalization, hindcasting the timing of infection with a mathematical model for viral dynamics.

HIV Testing by Public Health Centers and Municipalities and New HIV Cases During the COVID-19 Pandemic in Japan.

Background: During the COVID-19 outbreak, facility capacity for HIV testing has been limited. Furthermore, people may have opted against HIV testing during this period to avoid COVID-19 exposure. We investigated the influence of the COVID-19 pandemic on HIV testing and the number of reported HIV cases in Japan.

A population-based study of concurrent prescriptions of opioid analgesic and selective serotonin reuptake inhibitor medications during pregnancy and risk for adverse birth outcomes.

Background: Pregnant women with painful conditions often have mental health problems, including depression and anxiety. Co-morbid conditions may cause pregnant women to use multiple medications, although safety of such practice is poorly understood.

Objectives: We investigated the influence of combined prescriptions of opioid analgesics and selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors (SSRIs) during pregnancy on two adverse birth outcomes.

Health insurance and AIDS Drug Assistance Program (ADAP) increases retention in care among women living with HIV in the United States.

Our objective was to examine the association between healthcare payer type and missed HIV care visits among 1,366 US women living with HIV (WLWH) enrolled in the prospective Women's Interagency HIV Study (WIHS). We collected secondary patient-level data (October 1, 2017-September 30, 2018) from WLWH at nine WIHS sites. We used bivariate and multivariable binary logistic regression to examine the relationship between healthcare payer type (cross-classification of patients' ADAP and health insurance enrollment) and missed visits-based retention in care, defined as no-show appointments for which patients did not reschedule.

Time to treatment disruption in children with HIV-1 randomized to initial antiretroviral therapy with protease inhibitors versus non-nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitors.

Background: Choice of initial antiretroviral therapy regimen may help children with HIV maintain optimal, continuous therapy. We assessed treatment-naïve children for differences in time to treatment disruption across randomly-assigned protease inhibitor versus non-nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitor-based initial antiretroviral therapy.

Methods: We performed a secondary analysis of a multicenter phase 2/3, randomized, open-label trial in Europe, North and South America from 2002 to 2009.

Validation of transdermal alcohol concentration data collected using wearable alcohol monitors: A systematic review and meta-analysis.

Objective: To evaluate the diagnostic accuracy of transdermal alcohol content (TAC) data (i.e. index test) collected with wearable alcohol monitors for assessment of alcohol use or any other alcohol related outcome (e.

Food insecurity, gestational weight gain and gestational diabetes in the National Children's Study, 2009-2014.

Background: Household food insecurity (HFI) and gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) are both common during pregnancy, yet it is unknown if these two factors are related. We aimed to determine the independent and joint associations between HFI, gestational weight gain (GWG) and GDM among pregnant women in the USA.

Methods: We used data from 592 women in the National Children's Study, Initial Vanguard Study from 2009 to 2014.

Household food insecurity and antepartum depression in the National Children's Study.

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to determine the association between household food insecurity (HFI) and elevated antepartum depressive symptoms (EADS) in the National Children's Study, 2009-2014, as well as standardize our results to the U.S. pregnant population.

High Prevalence of Sexual Assault Victimization Experiences Among University Fraternity Men.

Limited research has examined sexual victimization among U.S. college men, and particularly fraternity men.

Prior incarceration associated with missed HIV care visits among young people living with HIV in the US.

Maintenance in HIV care is important to achieve optimal personal health and HIV viral load suppression for young people living with HIV (PLWH). We assessed the relationship between incarceration and missed visits in a longitudinal data cohort of PLWH ( = 910), ages 12-24, from 14 adolescent trial network sites across the US. The time from study entry to missed visits was modeled using Cox proportional hazards models.

Neighborhood Poverty and Control of HIV, Hypertension, and Diabetes in the Women's Interagency HIV Study.

Neighborhoods with high poverty rates have limited resources to support residents' health. Using census data, we calculated the proportion of each Women's Interagency HIV Study participant's census tract (neighborhood) living below the poverty line. We assessed associations between neighborhood poverty and (1) unsuppressed viral load [VL] in HIV-seropositive women, (2) uncontrolled blood pressure among HIV-seropositive and HIV-seronegative hypertensive women, and (3) uncontrolled diabetes among HIV-seropositive and HIV-seronegative diabetic women using modified Poisson regression models.