Reaction time as an indicator of insufficient effort: Development and validation of an embedded performance validity parameter.

Subnormal performance in attention tasks may result from various sources including lack of effort. In this report, the derivation and validation of a performance validity parameter for reaction time is described, using a set of malingering-indices ("Slick-criteria"), and 3 independent samples of participants (total n =893). The Slick-criteria yield an estimate of the probability of malingering based on the presence of an external incentive, evidence from neuropsychological testing, from self-report and clinical data.

[Anxiety and anxiety disorders--differential diagnosis, etiology and medico-legal assessment].

Psychiatric disorders including anxiety disorders, are becoming more and more important in medico-legal assessment. Anxiety disorders are frequent in the general population. However, they may not be reliably diagnosed even by psychiatric experts because the disorders' symptoms may fail to manifest themselves during the examination.