Balancing Demand for Universally Improved Health Outcomes with Need for a Local Standard of Care.

The United States, along with other resource-rich countries, leads global health care by advancing medical care through randomized controlled trials (RCTs). While most medical research is conducted in these resource-rich areas, RCTs, including replications of previous trials, are additionally carried out in low- and middle-income countries. On the basis of positive findings from several RCTs conducted in high-income countries, the Antenatal Corticosteroids Trial (ACT) evaluated the effectiveness of antenatal corticosteroids in reducing neonatal mortality in low- and middle-income countries.

LeFort colpocleisis: a step-by-step simulation video for Female Pelvic Surgeons.

Introduction And Hypothesis: LeFort colpocleisis is a minimally invasive surgical option for patients with pelvic organ prolapse who no longer desire sexual activity. Pelvic surgeons have limited exposure to this procedure during their training, and are therefore less likely to offer this procedure to their patients.

Methods: We use a split screen live action surgery, side by side with a low cost 3D model of a prolapse to describe a LeFort colpocleisis step by step.

Regulated neuronal neuromodulation via spinal cord expression of the gene for the inwardly rectifying potassium channel 2.1 (Kir2.1).

Background: Neuromodulation is used to restore neural function in disorders that stem from an imbalance in the activity of specific neural networks when they prove refractory to pharmacological therapy. The Kir2.1 gene contributes to stabilizing the resting potential below the threshold of activation of voltage-gated sodium channels and action potentials.

Gene therapy: a potential approach for cancer pain.

Chronic pain is experienced by as many as 90% of cancer patients at some point during the disease. This pain can be directly cancer related or arise from a sensory neuropathy related to chemotherapy. Major pharmacological agents used to treat cancer pain often lack anatomical specificity and can have off-target effects that create new sources of suffering.

Pain in amyotrophic lateral sclerosis: a neglected aspect of disease.

Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) is a fatal neurodegenerative disorder marked by progressive loss of motor neurons, muscle wasting, and respiratory dysfunction. With disease progression, secondary symptoms arise creating new problematic conditions for ALS patients. Amongst these is pain.

A conditioning lesion provides selective protection in a rat model of Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis.

Background: Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis (ALS) is neurodegenerative disease characterized by muscle weakness and atrophy due to progressive motoneuron loss. The death of motoneuron is preceded by the failure of neuromuscular junctions (NMJs) and axonal retraction. Thus, to develop an effective ALS therapy you must simultaneously preserve motoneuron somas, motor axons and NMJs.

X-Linked inhibitor of apoptosis protein gene-based neuroprotection for the peripheral nervous system.

Objective: The recently discovered X-linked inhibitor of apoptosis protein (XIAP) is among the most potent inhibitors of programmed cell death. In the current experiment, we examine the potential of adenoviral XIAP gene delivery to protect neurons of the peripheral nervous system using in vitro models of amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) and diabetic neuropathy.

Methods: XIAP complementary deoxyribonucleic acid was fused in frame with the green fluorescent protein sequence and cloned into a first generation adenoviral vector.