Behavioral Studies of p62 KO Animals with Implications of a Modulated Function of the Endocannabinoid System.

Elementary emotional states and memory can be regulated by the homeostasis of the endocannabinoid system (ECS). Links between the ECS and the autophagy receptor p62 have been found at the molecular level and in animal studies. This project aimed to validate the anxiety and memory phenotype of p62 knockout (KO) animals and whether the ECS plays a role in this.

Impact of the Endocannabinoid System on Bone Formation and Remodeling in p62 KO Mice.

Several studies have shown that the G-protein coupled cannabinoid receptor CB2 and its interaction partner p62 are molecularly involved in bone remodeling processes. Pharmacological activation of the CB2 receptor enhanced bone volume in postmenopausal osteoporosis and arthritis models in rodents, whereas knockout or mutation of the p62 protein in aged mice led to Paget's disease of bone-like conditions. Studies of pharmacological CB2 agonist effects on bone metabolism in p62 KO mice have not been performed to date.

Young children's screen time during the first COVID-19 lockdown in 12 countries.

Older children with online schooling requirements, unsurprisingly, were reported to have increased screen time during the first COVID-19 lockdown in many countries. Here, we ask whether younger children with no similar online schooling requirements also had increased screen time during lockdown. We examined children's screen time during the first COVID-19 lockdown in a large cohort (n = 2209) of 8-to-36-month-olds sampled from 15 labs across 12 countries.

Doctor at Your Fingertips: An Exploration of Digital Visits from Stakeholders' Perspectives.

Technological advances and the evolution of mobile technologies enable patients to meet their doctors through their smartphones. While offering the opportunity of digital visits to patients, there are also challenges for this development. The purpose of this study is to enhance the understanding of digital visits, as perceived by experts working in telemedicine companies.

Correction to: Mitochondrial phylogeography of baboons (Papio spp.) - Indication for introgressive hybridization?

Following publication of the original article [1], we have been notified that some of the NCB accession numbers were incorrectly associated to their corresponding taxon in the Additional file 1.

Promotion by Education: Adolescent Mental Health Policy Translation in a Local Context of China.

The purpose of this paper is to describe how Chinese national adolescent mental health policy is translated into local plans and practice by means of the theoretical perspective of the policy triangle. Document analysis of national, provincial and local policy documents and semi-structured interviews with local policy actors were performed. National policies were implemented by a top-down process.

Stable Adult Hippocampal Neurogenesis in Cannabinoid Receptor CB2 Deficient Mice.

The G-protein coupled cannabinoid receptor 2 (CB2) has been implicated in the regulation of adult neurogenesis in the hippocampus. The contribution of CB2 towards basal levels of proliferation and the number of neural progenitors in the subgranular zone (SGZ) of the dentate gyrus, however, remain unclear. We stained hippocampal brain sections of 16- to 17-week-old wildtype and CB2-deficient mice, for neural progenitor and immature neuron markers doublecortin (DCX) and calretinin (CR) and for the proliferation marker Ki67 and quantified the number of positive cells in the SGZ.

Prevalence and correlates of positive mental health in Chinese adolescents.

Background: Studies investigating the prevalence of positive mental health and its correlates are still scarce compared to the studies on mental disorders, although there is growing interest of assessing positive mental health in adolescents. So far, no other study examining the prevalence and determinants of positive mental health in Chinese adolescents has been found. The purpose of this study was to assess the prevalence and correlates of positive mental health in Chinese adolescents.

Staffs' and managers' perceptions of how and when discrete event simulation modelling can be used as a decision support in quality improvement: a focus group discussion study at two hospital settings in Sweden.

Objective: To explore healthcare staffs' and managers' perceptions of how and when discrete event simulation modelling can be used as a decision support in improvement efforts.

Design: Two focus group discussions were performed.

Setting: Two settings were included: a rheumatology department and an orthopaedic section both situated in Sweden.

Psychometric evaluation of the Mental Health Continuum-Short Form (MHC-SF) in Chinese adolescents - a methodological study.

Background: In epidemiological surveillance of mental health there is good reason to also include scales that measure the presence of well-being rather than merely symptoms of ill health. The Mental Health Continuum-Short Form (MHC-SF) is a self-reported scale to measure emotional, psychological and social well-being and conduct categorical diagnosis of positive mental health. This particular instrument includes the three core components of the World Health Organization's definition of mental health and had previously not been psychometrically evaluated on adolescents in China.

A Mobile Internet Service for Self-Management of Physical Activity in People With Rheumatoid Arthritis: Challenges in Advancing the Co-Design Process During the Requirements Specification Phase.

Background: User involvement in the development of health care services is important for the viability, usability, and effectiveness of services. This study reports on the second step of the co-design process.

Objective: The aim was to explore the significant challenges in advancing the co-design process during the requirements specification phase of a mobile Internet service for the self-management of physical activity (PA) in rheumatoid arthritis (RA).

Development of a web-based and mobile app to support physical activity in individuals with rheumatoid arthritis: results from the second step of a co-design process.

Background: Long-term adherence to physical activity recommendations remains challenging for most individuals with rheumatoid arthritis (RA) despite evidence for its health benefits.

Objective: The aim of this study was to provide basic data on system requirement specifications for a Web-based and mobile app to self-manage physical activity. More specifically, we explored the target user group, features of the future app, and correlations between the system requirements and the established behavior change techniques (BCTs).

Hydroxyquinoline-derived compounds and analoguing of selective Mcl-1 inhibitors using a functional biomarker.

Anti-apoptotic Bcl-2 family proteins are important oncology therapeutic targets. To date, BH3 mimetics that abrogate anti-apoptotic activity have largely been directed at Bcl-2 and/or Bcl-xL. One observed mechanism of resistance to these inhibitors is increased Mcl-1 levels in cells exposed to such therapeutics.

Continuous innovation: developing and using a clinical database with new technology for patient-centred care--the case of the Swedish quality register for arthritis.

Objective: We describe and explain the development of a clinical quality database and its use for different clinical, management and patient empowerment purposes.

Design: A longitudinal case study covering 1993-2009.

Setting: Rheumatology departments in Swedish hospitals.

Implementing organisation and management innovations in Swedish healthcare: lessons from a comparison of 12 cases.

Purpose: The purpose of this paper is to compare the implementation of 12 different organisation and management innovations (OMIs) in Swedish healthcare, to discover the generic and specific factors important for successful healthcare improvement change in a public health system.

Design/methodology/approach: Longitudinal cross-case comparison of 12 case studies was employed, where each case study used a common framework for collecting data about the process of change, the content of the change, the context, and the intermediate and final outcomes.

Findings: Clinical leaders played a more important part in the development of these successful service innovations than managers.

Sources of acoustic variation: implications for production specificity and call categorization in chacma baboon (Papio ursinus) grunts.

Elucidating the information content of vocal signals is fundamental to the understanding of animal communication. Acoustically distinct calls produced in specific contexts allow listeners to predict future events and choose adequate responses. However, the vocal repertoires of most terrestrial mammals consist of a limited number of call types that vary within and between categories.

Managing health care decisions and improvement through simulation modeling.

Simulation modeling is a way to test changes in a computerized environment to give ideas for improvements before implementation. This article reviews research literature on simulation modeling as support for health care decision making. The aim is to investigate the experience and potential value of such decision support and quality of articles retrieved.

Adjuvant immunotherapy increases beta cell regenerative factor Reg2 in the pancreas of diabetic mice.

Insulin-producing β cells can partially regenerate in adult pancreatic tissues, both in human and animal models of type 1 diabetes (T1D). Previous studies have shown that treatment with mycobacterial adjuvants such as CFA and bacillus Calmette-Guérin prevents induction and recurrence of T1D in NOD mice with partial recovery of β cell mass. In this study, we investigated factors involved in the regeneration of β cells in the pancreas of NOD mice during diabetes development and after treatment with adjuvants.

Calcareous nannoplankton response to surface-water acidification around Oceanic Anoxic Event 1a.

Ocean acidification induced by atmospheric CO2 may be a major threat to marine ecosystems, particularly to calcareous nannoplankton. We show that, during the Aptian (approximately 120 million years ago) Oceanic Anoxic Event 1a, which resulted from a massive addition of volcanic CO2, the morphological features of calcareous nannofossils traced the biological response to acidified surface waters. We observe the demise of heavily calcified nannoconids and reduced calcite paleofluxes at the beginning of a pre-anoxia calcification crisis.

Mitochondrial phylogeography of baboons (Papio spp.): indication for introgressive hybridization?

Background: Baboons of the genus Papio are distributed over wide ranges of Africa and even colonized parts of the Arabian Peninsula. Traditionally, five phenotypically distinct species are recognized, but recent molecular studies were not able to resolve their phylogenetic relationships. Moreover, these studies revealed para- and polyphyletic (hereafter paraphyletic) mitochondrial clades for baboons from eastern Africa, and it was hypothesized that introgressive hybridization might have contributed substantially to their evolutionary history.

Immunomodulator FTY720 induces myofibroblast differentiation via the lysophospholipid receptor S1P3 and Smad3 signaling.

The novel immunomodulator FTY720 is an effective immunosuppressive agent in experimental models of transplantation and autoimmunity and is currently undergoing phase III clinical trials for multiple sclerosis. Phosphorylated FTY720 is a structural analogue of sphingosine 1-phosphate (S1P) and therefore acts as a high-affinity agonist at four of the five G protein-coupled S1P receptors. It has been well established that there exists a crosstalk between S1P and transforming growth factor (TGF)-beta signaling.