Cardiovascular morbidity and all-cause mortality in patients with retinal vein occlusion: a Danish nationwide cohort study.

Background/aims: Associations between retinal vein occlusion (RVO) and subsequent cardiovascular disease (CVD) or mortality have not been evaluated in a recent cohort, after novel therapeutic options have increased referrals for treatment of the condition. We aimed to evaluate overall and subtype-stratified risk of CVD and all-cause mortality following RVO and assess any alterations after the introduction of angiostatic therapy in Denmark in 2011.

Methods: This nationwide, registry-based cohort study from 1998 to 2018 evaluated 4 194 781 individuals.

The Systemic Blood Pressure and Oxygen Saturation in Retinal Arterioles Predict the Effect of Intravitreal Anti-VEGF Treatment on Diabetic Maculopathy.

Purpose: The advent of vascular endothelial VEGF antagonists has increased the therapeutic options for diabetic maculopathy considerably. However, there is a need to identify patients who respond favorably to the treatment from those in whom the treatment is less effective. The purpose of the present study was to test the hypothesis that the oxygen saturation in retinal vessels together with other risk factors can predict the effect of anti-VEGF treatment on diabetic maculopathy.

Lack of differences in the regional variation of oxygen saturation in larger retinal vessels in diabetic maculopathy and proliferative diabetic retinopathy.

Background: Diabetic retinopathy is characterised by morphological lesions in the ocular fundus related to disturbances in retinal blood flow. The two vision threatening forms of retinopathy show specific patterns of distribution of retinal lesions with proliferative diabetic retinopathy (PDR) developing secondary to ischaemia and hypoxia in the retinal periphery and diabetic maculopathy (DM) developing secondary to hyperperfusion and increased vascular permeability in the macular area. These differences in the distribution of retinal lesions might be reflected in regional differences in oxygen saturation in the larger retinal vessels.

Increasing oxygen saturation in larger retinal vessels after photocoagulation for diabetic retinopathy.

Purpose: Diabetic retinopathy is characterized by retinal vascular impairment resulting in retinal hypoxia. The disease can be treated by retinal photocoagulation, but the mechanism of action of this treatment is unknown. Therefore, it is of interest to investigate whether the effects of retinal photocoagulation are related to changes in oxygen saturation.

The oxygen saturation in retinal vessels from diabetic patients depends on the severity and type of vision-threatening retinopathy.

Purpose: Diabetic retinopathy is characterized by morphological lesions in the retina secondary to disturbances in retinal blood flow which may influence the supply of oxygen to the retinal metabolism. Using retinal oximetry, it has been shown that the oxygen saturation is increased in retinal arterioles and venules from diabetic patients with retinopathy, but oxygenation before the development of retinopathy and possible differences in retinal oxygenation between diabetic maculopathy and proliferative diabetic retinopathy patients have not been evaluated.

Methods: One-hundred and fifty-six consecutive patients referred for specialist evaluation of diabetic retinopathy, and eighty normal control persons were subjected to retinal oximetry of the larger retinal arterioles and venules.

Intuitiveness, instruction time, and patient acceptance of a prefilled insulin delivery device and a reusable insulin delivery device in a randomized, open-label, crossover handling study in patients with type 2 diabetes.

Background: Because the use of insulin therapy can place a substantial burden on patients with diabetes, insulin administration should be as simple as possible.

Objectives: The primary aim of this trial was to compare the use of 2 insulin delivery devices-one prefilled (NovoMix 30 FlexPen [FP]; Novo Nordisk, Copenhagen, Denmark) and the other reusable (HumaPen Luxura [HL]; Eli Lilly and Company, Indianapolis, Indiana)-in patients with type 2 diabetes in terms of intuitiveness and training time. A secondary aim was to evaluate the ease of use and overall acceptance of the 2 devices.

Overnight versus 24 hours of continuous subcutaneous insulin infusion as supplement to oral antidiabetic drugs in type 2 diabetes.

Background: Basal continuous subcutaneous insulin infusion (CSII) therapy at a fixed rate may effectively improve glycemic control in patients with type 2 diabetes when oral antidiabetic treatment fails. Regimens of simple constant subcutaneous delivery of insulin may provide theoretical advantages in type 2 diabetes.

Methods: Ten subjects with type 2 diabetes who obtained insufficient glycemic control on oral antidiabetic drugs were included.

Regulation of insulin receptor substrate 1 pleckstrin homology domain by protein kinase C: role of serine 24 phosphorylation.

Phosphorylation of insulin receptor substrate (IRS) proteins on serine residues is an important posttranslational modification that is linked to insulin resistance. Several phosphoserine sites on IRS1 have been identified; the majority are located proximal to the phosphotryosine-binding domain or near key receptor tyrosine kinase substrate- and/or Src-homology 2 domain-binding sites. Here we report on the characterization of a serine phosphorylation site in the N-terminal pleckstrin homology (PH) domain of IRS1.