A mass spectrometry guided approach for the identification of novel vaccine candidates in gram-negative pathogens.

Vaccination is the most effective method to prevent infectious diseases. However, approaches to identify novel vaccine candidates are commonly laborious and protracted. While surface proteins are suitable vaccine candidates and can elicit antibacterial antibody responses, systematic approaches to define surfomes from gram-negatives have rarely been successful.

Seropositivity to (order Rickettsiales) as a marker to determine the exposure of humans to tick bite.

is the most common tick species parasitizing humans in Europe, and the main vector of sensu lato, the causative agent of Lyme disease in the continent. This tick species also harbors the endosymbiont , and there is strong evidence that this bacterium is inoculated into the vertebrate host during the blood meal. A high proportion of tick bites remains unnoticed due to rarity of immediate symptoms, implying the risk of occult tick-borne infections in turn a potential risk factor for the onset of chronic-degenerative diseases.

First report of Borrelia miyamotoi in an Ixodes ricinus tick in Augsburg, Germany.

Borrelia miyamotoi, a spirochete found in the hard tick Ixodes ricinus, is thought to cause relapsing fever. The disease caused by this bacterium can manifest with high fever, fatigue and other symptoms. It may also lead to central nervous system involvement with symptoms similar to meningoencephalitis.