Treating obesity and fertility in the era of glucagon-like peptide 1 receptor agonists.

The objective of this narrative review is to advocate for improved comprehensive care of patients with obesity and infertility. Persons with an increased body mass index have less successful reproductive outcomes, and recently, new medications to treat neuroendocrine hormone imbalances are producing meaningful weight loss akin to surgical interventions. For the first time, obesity is publicly being recognized as a disease.

Addressing weight bias in reproductive medicine: a call to revisit body mass index restrictions for in vitro fertilization treatment.

The prevalence of obesity has doubled among reproductive-age adults in the US over the past 40 years and is projected to impact half of the population by 2030. Obesity is associated with a twofold to threefold increase in infertility, largely because of anovulation, and is associated with a lower rate of pregnancy with ovulation induction among anovulatory women. As a result of these trends and associations, in vitro fertilization (IVF) care will need to be adapted to provide safe, effective, and equitable access for patients with obesity.

Antimüllerian hormone level predicts ovulation in women with polycystic ovary syndrome treated with clomiphene and metformin.

Objective: To describe the serum anti-Müllerian hormone (AMH) concentrations in a large, well-phenotyped cohort of women with polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) and evaluate whether AMH predicts successful ovulation induction in women treated with clomiphene and metformin.

Design: Secondary analysis of randomized controlled trial.

Setting: Not applicable.

Obesity and Miscarriage.

Obesity affects nearly 40% of reproductive-aged women and has serious implications for women's overall and reproductive health. Women with an elevated body mass index (BMI) have higher rates of anovulation and irregular menses, lower success with fertility treatment, and significantly higher rates of pregnancy complications, such as hypertension/preeclampsia, gestational diabetes, and preterm delivery. Many studies have also shown an association between obesity and early pregnancy loss.

Contemporary Management of the Patient with Polycystic Ovary Syndrome.

Polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) is a complex syndrome that affects menstrual regularity, causes hyperandrogenism, increases the risk of metabolic dysfunction and infertility, and is associated with higher rates of mental health disorders. The symptoms of PCOS are unique to each individual and will evolve throughout their reproductive lifespan and beyond. Thus, care should be personalized and provided by an appropriate team of multidisciplinary physicians and clinicians, such as dieticians and psychologists.

A new tissue-agnostic microfluidic device to model physiology and disease: the lattice platform.

To accurately phenocopy human biology , researchers have been reducing their dependence on standard, static two-dimensional (2D) cultures and instead are moving towards three-dimensional (3D) and/or multicellular culture techniques. While these culture innovations are becoming more commonplace, there is a growing body of research that illustrates the benefits and even necessity of recapitulating the dynamic flow of nutrients, gas, waste exchange and tissue interactions that occur . However, cost and engineering complexity are two main factors that hinder the adoption of these technologies and incorporation into standard laboratory workflows.

Sex ratio of offspring is not statistically altered following pre-implantation genetic testing under a specific sex selection policy.

Purpose: To determine whether the use of pre-implantation genetic testing (PGT) under a specific sex selection policy is associated with alterations in offspring sex ratio.

Methods: This was a single-center retrospective cohort study of singleton live births from January 2018-December 2020 achieved via single blastocyst non-PGT or PGT frozen embryo transfer (FET). Per institutional policy, sex may be disclosed following PGT.

Frozen embryo transfer outcomes decline with increasing female body mass index in female but not male factor infertility: analysis of 56,564 euploid blastocyst transfers.

Objective: To evaluate the association of body mass index (BMI) with cycle outcomes after euploid frozen blastocyst transfer.

Design: Retrospective cohort study.

Setting: Not applicable.

An Ovarian Steroid Metabolomic Pathway Analysis in Basal and Polycystic Ovary Syndrome (PCOS)-like Gonadotropin Conditions Reveals a Hyperandrogenic Phenotype Measured by Mass Spectrometry.

Prior work has demonstrated that murine ovarian explants and isolated ovarian follicles can recapitulate human-like 28-day cycles in vitro with normal patterns of estradiol and progesterone secretion in response to gonadotropin stimulation. The objective of this study was to manipulate the gonadotropin stimulation protocol to mimic polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) and assess the resulting changes in ovarian steroidogenesis. A secondary aim of the study was to develop a high-throughput, sensitive, and specific liquid chromatography with tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS) assay to measure seven steroid hormones (estrone, estradiol, progesterone, testosterone, androstenedione, dehydroepiandrosterone, and dihydrotestosterone) in conditioned culture media.

Relationship between paternal factors and embryonic aneuploidy of paternal origin.

Objective: To determine if there is a relationship between paternal factors and embryonic aneuploidy of paternal origin using preimplantation genetic testing for aneuploidy (PGT-A).

Design: Retrospective cohort.

Setting: Academic.

Maternal body mass index is not associated with increased rates of maternal embryonic aneuploidy.

Objective: To evaluate the relationship between maternal body mass index (BMI) and embryonic aneuploidy of maternal origin.

Design: Retrospective cohort analysis.

Setting: University hospital-based reproductive center.

Body mass index, not race, may be associated with an alteration in early embryo morphokinetics during in vitro fertilization.

Objective: To assess the relationship between maternal body mass index (BMI) and embryo morphokinetics on time-lapse microscopy (TLM).

Design: Retrospective cohort study.

Methods: All IVF cycles between June 2015 and April 2017 were reviewed.

The association of euploid miscarriage with obesity.

Objective: To determine whether the frequency of euploid miscarriage is increased in obese women with early pregnancy loss.

Design: Retrospective cohort study.

Setting: Academic medical center.

Correction to: Effect of endometrial mechanical stimulation in an unselected population undergoing in vitro fertilization: futility analysis of a double-blind randomized controlled trial.

The original version of this article unfortunately contained mistakes. The complete list of corrections is given below.

Effect of endometrial mechanical stimulation in an unselected population undergoing in vitro fertilization: futility analysis of a double-blind randomized controlled trial.

Purpose: Implantation failure is a major limiting factor of successful in vitro fertilization (IVF). The objective of this study was to determine if endometrial mechanical stimulation (EMS) by endometrial biopsy in the luteal phase of the cycle prior to embryo transfer (ET) improves clinical outcomes in an unselected subfertile population.

Methods: Double-blind, randomized controlled trial of EMS versus sham biopsy and odds of clinical pregnancy after IVF and embryo transfer.