German physicians' perceptions and views on complementary medicine in pediatric oncology: a qualitative study.

Complementary and alternative medicine (CAM) use in children with cancer has a high prevalence. If (parents of) patients bring up the topic of CAM, pediatric oncologists (POs) face considerable challenges regarding knowledge and professional behavior. In this study, we explore German POs' understanding of CAM and related attitudes as well as challenges and strategies related to CAM discussions by means of semi-structured interviews analyzed according to principles of qualitative thematic analysis with parents of children with cancer.

Dorsal posterior cingulate cortex encodes the informational value of feedback in human-computer interaction.

In communication between humans as well as in human-computer interaction, feedback is ubiquitous. It is essential for keeping up the dialogue between interaction partners, evaluating the adequacy of an action, or improving task performance. While the neuroscientific view on feedback has largely focused on its function as reward, more general definitions also emphasise its function as information about aspects of one's task performance.

Delays in Human-Computer Interaction and Their Effects on Brain Activity.

The temporal contingency of feedback is an essential requirement of successful human-computer interactions. The timing of feedback not only affects the behavior of a user but is also accompanied by changes in psychophysiology and neural activity. In three fMRI experiments we systematically studied the impact of delayed feedback on brain activity while subjects performed an auditory categorization task.

Delayed system response times affect immediate physiology and the dynamics of subsequent button press behavior.

System response time research is an important issue in human-computer interactions. Experience with technical devices and general rules of human-human interactions determine the user's expectation, and any delay in system response time may lead to immediate physiological, emotional, and behavioral consequences. We investigated such effects on a trial-by-trial basis during a human-computer interaction by measuring changes in skin conductance (SC), heart rate (HR), and the dynamics of button press responses.

Human striatum is differentially activated by delayed, omitted, and immediate registering feedback.

The temporal contingency of feedback during conversations is an essential requirement of a successful dialog. In the current study, we investigated the effects of delayed and omitted registering feedback on fMRI activation and compared both unexpected conditions to immediate feedback. In the majority of trials of an auditory task, participants received an immediate visual feedback which merely indicated that a button press was registered but not whether the response was correct or not.