Simultaneous Development of Antiferromagnetism and Local Symmetry Breaking in a Kagome Magnet (CoFe)Sn.

CoSn and FeSn, two kagome-lattice metals, have recently attracted significant attention as hosts of electronic flat bands and emergent physical properties. However, current understandings of their physical properties are limited to knowledge of the average crystal structure. Here, we report the Fe-doping induced coemergence of the antiferromagentic (AFM) order and local symmetry breaking in (CoFe)Sn.

Status of prevention of neural tube defects post-folic acid fortification of cereal grains in South Africa.

Objective: Neural tube defects (NTD) are serious, life-threatening birth defects. Staple food fortification with folic acid (vitamin B) is a proven, effective intervention to reduce NTD birth prevalence. Mandatory food fortification with folic acid was implemented in South Africa (SA) in 2003.

A Capacity Audit of Medical Geneticists and Genetic Counsellors in South Africa, 2024: A National Crisis.

Community genetic services were introduced in South Africa almost seven decades ago, with medical geneticists and genetic counsellors being formally recognized for the past 30 years. Initial training platforms were established at academic centres countrywide, and posts for relevant healthcare professionals, including medical geneticists and genetic counsellors were created in the public sector. Despite these early advances, the number of these specialists required to address the rising burden of congenital disorders in the country remains far below required targets established by the National Department of Health.

Pregnancies in Women With Kidney Failure on Home Dialysis in the United States.

Introduction: Women with kidney failure have impaired fertility and are at a higher risk of maternal and fetal morbidity and mortality. Little is known about pregnancies in women receiving maintenance home dialysis in the United States.

Methods: Using data from the United States Renal Data System (USRDS), a cohort of 26,387 women aged 15 to 49 years with kidney failure receiving maintenance home dialysis from 2005 to 2018 was examined.

A clinical score to predict recovery in end-stage kidney disease due to acute kidney injury.

Background: Acute kidney injury (AKI) is a major contributor to end-stage kidney disease (ESKD). About one-third of patients with ESKD due to AKI recover kidney function. However, the inability to accurately predict recovery leads to improper triage of clinical monitoring and impacts the quality of care in ESKD.

Sex Differences in Cardiovascular Outcomes in Patients With Kidney Failure.

Background: Cardiovascular disease is the leading cause of mortality in patients with kidney failure, and their risk of cardiovascular events is 10 to 20 times higher as compared with the general population.

Methods And Results: We evaluated 508 822 patients who initiated dialysis between January 1, 2005 and December 31, 2014 using the United States Renal Data System with linked Medicare claims. We determined hospitalization rates for cardiovascular events, defined by acute coronary syndrome, heart failure, and stroke.

Cardiovascular Outcomes in Patients on Home Hemodialysis and Peritoneal Dialysis.

Key Points: Home hemodialysis is associated with decreased risk of stroke and acute coronary syndrome relative to peritoneal dialysis. Home hemodialysis is associated with decreased risk of cardiovascular death and all-cause death relative to peritoneal dialysis.

Background: Cardiovascular disease is the leading cause of morbidity and mortality in patients with ESKD.

Student of Games: A unified learning algorithm for both perfect and imperfect information games.

Games have a long history as benchmarks for progress in artificial intelligence. Approaches using search and learning produced strong performance across many perfect information games, and approaches using game-theoretic reasoning and learning demonstrated strong performance for specific imperfect information poker variants. We introduce Student of Games, a general-purpose algorithm that unifies previous approaches, combining guided search, self-play learning, and game-theoretic reasoning.

Effect of Preoperative Marijuana on Patient Outcomes and Opioid Use after Lumbar Decompression.

Study Design: Retrospective Cohort Study.

Objectives: Our study aims to analyze the effect of preoperative marijuana use on outcomes and postoperative opioid use in patients who have undergone lumbar decompression without fusion.

Methods: All patients >18 years of age who underwent lumbar decompression from 2017-2022 with documented preoperative marijuana use at our academic institution were retrospectively identified.

Delayed Graft Function in Kidney Retransplantation: United Network for Organ Sharing Data With Linked Primary and Retransplant.

Introduction: There are several articles exploring the risk factors for primary delayed graft function (DGF). However, current literature does not include many resources on the risk factors for DGF when it is a recipient's second kidney transplant or look at short-term graft and patient survival of DGF retransplants.

Methods: United Network for Organ Sharing data from January 2008 to June 2021 were analyzed.

Flexibility in the bridge of chalcone derivatives is important for the inhibition of cellular growth.

Chalcones and their derivatives are a privileged scaffold in medicinal chemistry, demonstrating numerous biological activities. These molecules have shown significant potential toward the development of novel cancer therapies. While much is known about modification to the chalcone aryl rings, little is known about conformations of the bridge between the aryl rings.

Revitalising Indigenous cultural fire practice: benefits and partnerships.

Indigenous cultural fire practitioners proactively revitalise their stewardship/custodianship of their traditional territories to generate diverse social, cultural, economic, self-determination, and ecological benefits. Government, researchers, and natural resource managers can overcome ongoing colonial legacies by enabling Indigenous leadership, providing ongoing investment and removing imposed barriers that restrict cultural fire practices.

Structure and magnetism of the triangular lattice material YbBO.

YbBOis a member of the orthoborate family of materials which contains a triangular arrangement of Ybions. Here we study the physical properties of YbBOwith neutron diffraction, inelastic neutron scattering, specific heat, and ac susceptibility measurements. The neutron diffraction measurements confirm that our samples of YbBOcrystallize in the monoclinic space groupC2/c(#15) which contains two crystallographically distinct Ybsites decorating a slightly distorted triangular lattice.

Prediction of angiographic coronary disease and mortality with a cadmium-zinc-telluride camera: a comparison of upright and supine ejection fractions and left ventricular volumes.

Introduction: Perfusion imaging strongly predicts coronary artery disease (CAD), whereas cardiac volumes and left ventricular ejection fraction (LVEF) strongly predict mortality. Compared to conventional Anger single-photon emission computed tomography (SPECT) cameras, cadmium-zinc-telluride (CZT) cameras provide higher resolution, resulting in different left ventricular volumes. The cadmium-zinc-telluride D-SPECT camera is commonly used to image in the upright position, which introduces changes in left ventricular loading conditions and potentially alters left ventricular volumes.

Sex and Racial/Ethnic Differences in Home Hemodialysis Mortality.

Key Points: Women on home hemodialysis have higher 1-year mortality than men, and women and men have comparable survival on long-term follow-up. Compared with White patients on home hemodialysis, there was no difference in all-cause mortality for Black patients, Hispanics, or Native Americans. Among patients undergoing home hemodialysis, Asians had a lower risk of all-cause mortality than White patients.

Line-Graph Approach to Spiral Spin Liquids.

Competition among exchange interactions is able to induce novel spin correlations on a bipartite lattice without geometrical frustration. A prototype example is the spiral spin liquid, which is a correlated paramagnetic state characterized by subdimensional degenerate propagation vectors. Here, using spectral graph theory, we show that spiral spin liquids on a bipartite lattice can be approximated by a further-neighbor model on the corresponding line-graph lattice that is nonbipartite, thus broadening the space of candidate materials that may support the spiral spin liquid phases.

Kondo quasiparticle dynamics observed by resonant inelastic x-ray scattering.

Effective models focused on pertinent low-energy degrees of freedom have substantially contributed to our qualitative understanding of quantum materials. An iconic example, the Kondo model, was key to demonstrating that the rich phase diagrams of correlated metals originate from the interplay of localized and itinerant electrons. Modern electronic structure calculations suggest that to achieve quantitative material-specific models, accurate consideration of the crystal field and spin-orbit interactions is imperative.

Centering Indigenous Voices: The Role of Fire in the Boreal Forest of North America.

Purpose Of Review: Indigenous perspectives have often been overlooked in fire management in North America. With a focus on the boreal region of North America, this paper provides a review of the existing literature documenting Indigenous voices and the historical relationship of Indigenous peoples in northern North America to fire and landscapes that burn.

Recent Findings: Early research on the topic explored how Indigenous people used fire in the boreal forest, with most research coming out of case studies in northern Alberta.

Magnetic Interactions of the Centrosymmetric Skyrmion Material Gd_{2}PdSi_{3}.

The experimental realization of magnetic skyrmion crystals in centrosymmetric materials has been driven by theoretical understanding of how a delicate balance of anisotropy and frustration can stabilize topological spin structures in applied magnetic fields. Recently, the centrosymmetric material Gd_{2}PdSi_{3} was shown to host a field-induced skyrmion crystal, but the skyrmion stabilization mechanism remains unclear. Here, we employ neutron-scattering measurements on an isotopically enriched polycrystalline Gd_{2}PdSi_{3} sample to quantify the interactions that drive skyrmion formation.

CENTAUR-The small- and wide-angle neutron scattering diffractometer/spectrometer for the Second Target Station of the Spallation Neutron Source.

CENTAUR has been selected as one of the eight initial instruments to be built at the Second Target Station (STS) of the Spallation Neutron Source at Oak Ridge National Laboratory. It is a small-angle neutron scattering (SANS) and wide-angle neutron scattering (WANS) instrument with diffraction and spectroscopic capabilities. This instrument will maximally leverage the high brightness of the STS source, the state-of-the-art neutron optics, and a suite of detectors to deliver unprecedented capabilities that enable measurements over a wide range of length scales with excellent resolution, measurements on smaller samples, and time-resolved investigations of evolving structures.

CHESS: The future direct geometry spectrometer at the second target station.

CHESS, chopper spectrometer examining small samples, is a planned direct geometry neutron chopper spectrometer designed to detect and analyze weak signals intrinsic to small cross sections (e.g., small mass, small magnetic moments, or neutron absorbing materials) in powders, liquids, and crystals.

Spiral Spin Liquid on a Honeycomb Lattice.

Spiral spin liquids are correlated paramagnetic states with degenerate propagation vectors forming a continuous ring or surface in reciprocal space. On the honeycomb lattice, spiral spin liquids present a novel route to realize emergent fracton excitations, quantum spin liquids, and topological spin textures, yet experimental realizations remain elusive. Here, using neutron scattering, we show that a spiral spin liquid is realized in the van der Waals honeycomb magnet FeCl_{3}.

Contraceptive use among women with kidney transplants in the United States.

Background: Kidney transplant improves reproductive function in women with end-stage kidney disease. Little is known about contraceptive use in women with history of kidney transplants.

Methods: Using data from the United States Renal Data System, we evaluated for each calendar year women with kidney transplantation between 1/1/2005 and 12/31/2013 who were aged 15-44 years with Medicare as the primary payer and linked data from the United Network for Organ Sharing, for up to three entire years after the date of transplantation.