Comparison between one-point calibration and two-point calibration approaches in a continuous glucose monitoring algorithm.

The purpose of this study was to investigate the effect of using a 1-point calibration approach instead of a 2-point calibration approach on the accuracy of a continuous glucose monitoring (CGM) algorithm. A previously published real-time CGM algorithm was compared with its updated version, which used a 1-point calibration instead of a 2-point calibration. In addition, the contribution of the corrective intercept (CI) to the calibration performance was assessed.

Comparison of insulin degludec/insulin aspart and biphasic insulin aspart 30 in uncontrolled, insulin-treated type 2 diabetes: a phase 3a, randomized, treat-to-target trial.

Objective: Insulin degludec/insulin aspart (IDegAsp) is the first combination of a basal insulin with an ultralong duration of action, and a rapid-acting insulin in a single injection. This trial compared IDegAsp with biphasic insulin aspart 30 (BIAsp 30) in adults with type 2 diabetes inadequately controlled with once- or twice-daily (OD or BID) pre- or self-mixed insulin with or without oral antidiabetic drugs.

Research Design And Methods: In this 26-week, randomized, open-label, multinational, treat-to-target trial, participants (mean age 58.

Effect of insulin analogues on risk of severe hypoglycaemia in patients with type 1 diabetes prone to recurrent severe hypoglycaemia (HypoAna trial): a prospective, randomised, open-label, blinded-endpoint crossover trial.

Background: Insulin analogues have been developed to reduce the risk of hypoglycaemia in patients with diabetes who require insulin-based treatment, but their effect on this endpoint in patients with type 1 diabetes complicated by recurrent severe hypoglycaemia is unknown. We compared the occurrence of severe hypoglycaemic episodes in such patients during treatment with insulin analogues or human insulin.

Methods: In this investigator-initiated, prospective, randomised, open-label, blinded-endpoint crossover trial at seven medical centres in Denmark, we recruited patients (aged ≥18 years) with type 1 diabetes (diagnosed for >5 years) who had reported two or more episodes of severe hypoglycaemia in the preceding year.

A common representation of spatial features drives action and perception: grasping and judging object features within trials.

Spatial features of an object can be specified using two different response types: either by use of symbols or motorically by directly acting upon the object. Is this response dichotomy reflected in a dual representation of the visual world: one for perception and one for action? Previously, symbolic and motoric responses, specifying location, has been shown to rely on a common representation. What about more elaborate features such as length and orientation? Here we show that when motoric and symbolic responses are made within the same trial, the probability of making the same symbolic and motoric response is well above chance for both length and orientation.

Separating monocular and binocular neural mechanisms mediating chromatic contextual interactions.

When seen in isolation, a light that varies in chromaticity over time is perceived to oscillate in color. Perception of that same time-varying light may be altered by a surrounding light that is also temporally varying in chromaticity. The neural mechanisms that mediate these contextual interactions are the focus of this article.

Effects of human insulin and insulin aspart preparations on levels of IGF-I, IGFBPs and IGF bioactivity in patients with type 1 diabetes.

Background: Insulin aspart (IAsp) and its biphasic preparations BIAsp50 and BIAsp70 (containing 50% and 70% IAsp, respectively) have distinct glucose-lowering properties as compared to human insulin (HI). We investigated whether this affected the circulating IGF-system which depends on the hepatic insulin exposure.

Methods: In a randomized, four-period crossover study, 19 patients with type 1 diabetes received identical doses (0.

IMP3 RNP safe houses prevent miRNA-directed HMGA2 mRNA decay in cancer and development.

The IMP3 RNA-binding protein is associated with metastasis and poor outcome in human cancer. Using solid cancer transcriptome data, we found that IMP3 correlates with HMGA2 mRNA expression. Cytoplasmic IMP3 granules contain HMGA2, and IMP3 dose-dependently increases HMGA2 mRNA.

Immunohistochemical detection of interleukin-8 in inflamed porcine tissues.

The objective of this study was to identify the specific localization of interleukin-8 (IL-8) in cells in situ in a variety of inflammatory processes in different tissues from pigs. Our hypothesis was that IL-8 primarily is a neutrophil related cytokine present in all extravascular neutrophils while expression also occurs in other cell types in response to an inflammatory stimulus. Using IL-8 immunohistochemistry we discovered that neutrophils were the predominant IL-8 positive cell population while epithelial cell types and endothelium of postcapillary venules could be positive when situated in close vicinity of an inflammatory lesion.

Modifiable clinical and lifestyle factors are associated with elevated alanine aminotransferase levels in newly diagnosed type 2 diabetes patients: results from the nationwide DD2 study.

Background: Current literature lacks data on markers of non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) in newly diagnosed type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) patients. We therefore, conducted a cross-sectional study to examine modifiable clinical and lifestyle factors associated with elevated alanine aminotransferase (ALT) levels as a marker of NAFLD in new T2DM patients.

Methods: Alanine aminotransferase levels were measured in 1026 incident T2DM patients enrolled in the nationwide Danish Centre for Strategic Research in Type 2 Diabetes (DD2) cohort.

Acute and short-term chronic testosterone fluctuation effects on glucose homeostasis, insulin sensitivity, and adiponectin: a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled, crossover study.

Context: Low levels of adiponectin and T in men have been shown to predict development of the metabolic syndrome, but the effects of T on glucose metabolism are incompletely understood and may be influenced either directly or indirectly through changes in body composition or in levels of adiponectin.

Objective: The aim of the study was to test whether T exerts its effects on glucose metabolism directly or indirectly.

Design, Setting, And Participants: In a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled, crossover study, 12 healthy young males were studied on four separate occasions.

Tissue Renin-Angiotensin systems: a unifying hypothesis of metabolic disease.

The actions of angiotensin peptides are diverse and locally acting tissue renin-angiotensin systems (RAS) are present in almost all tissues of the body. An activated RAS strongly correlates to metabolic disease (e.g.

GLP-1 infusion reduces IGFBP-1 serum level in humans.

Objective: Glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1) and the insulin-like growth factor (IGF) system are important factors in metabolic regulation and cellular growth. Interactions between the systems exist but these are vaguely explored and only in vitro, where GLP-1 has been reported to stimulate IGF-binding protein 1 (IGFBP-1). This study, therefore, aimed to elucidate the effects of GLP-1 on IGF-I and the IGFBPs, which regulate IGF-I bioactivity.

Observations on abundance of bluntnose sixgill sharks, Hexanchus griseus, in an urban waterway in Puget Sound, 2003-2005.

The bluntnose sixgill shark, Hexanchus griseus, is a widely distributed but poorly understood large, apex predator. Anecdotal reports of diver-shark encounters in the late 1990's and early 2000's in the Pacific Northwest stimulated interest in the normally deep-dwelling shark and its presence in the shallow waters of Puget Sound. Analysis of underwater video documenting sharks at the Seattle Aquarium's sixgill research site in Elliott Bay and mark-resight techniques were used to answer research questions about abundance and seasonality.

Misdiagnosed amoebic colitis leading to severe dysentery and necrotizing colitis--report of a case and review of the literature.

We present a case of amoebic colitis, misdiagnosed as inflammatory bowel disease and treated with corticosteroids, leading to severe necrotizing enterocolitis. We review the literature on the epidemiology, pathogenesis, diagnosis, and treatment of amoebic dysentery, with special emphasis on the association between immunosuppressive treatment and the development of severe invasive amoebiasis.

Glucose homeostasis in adults with Prader-Willi syndrome during treatment with growth hormone: results from a 12-month prospective study.

Objectives: To investigate glucose homeostasis in relation to body mass index (BMI) in adults with PWS before and after GH therapy.

Design: We prospectively investigated the effects of a 12-month GH treatment on body composition and glucose homeostasis in relation to BMI in 39 adults, mean (±SD) age=28.6 (6.

Glucagon-like peptide-1: effect on pro-atrial natriuretic peptide in healthy males.

The antihypertensive actions of glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP1) receptor agonists have been linked to the release of atrial natriuretic peptide (ANP) in mice. Whether a GLP1-ANP axis exists in humans is unknown. In this study, we examined 12 healthy young males in a randomized, controlled, double-blinded, single-day, cross-over study to evaluate the effects of a 2-h native GLP1 infusion.

EMAGE: Electronic Mouse Atlas of Gene Expression.

The EMAGE (Electronic Mouse Atlas of Gene Expression) database (http://www.emouseatlas.org/emage) allows users to perform on-line queries of mouse developmental gene expression.

Prevalence of posttraumatic growth hormone deficiency is highly dependent on the diagnostic set-up: results from The Danish National Study on Posttraumatic Hypopituitarism.

Context: Recent international guidelines suggest pituitary screening in patients with moderate and severe traumatic brain injury (TBI). Predominantly isolated GH deficiency (GHD) was reported in the literature, raising the question of potential methodological bias.

Objective: Our objective was to assess the prevalence of GHD in patients admitted in 2008 with TBI, with concurrent assessment of methodological bias.

Serum levels of bioactive IGF1 and physiological markers of ageing in healthy adults.

Objective: Senescent changes in body composition and muscle strength are accompanied by reduced production of GH and IGF1, but the causal relationship remains elusive. We speculate that serum bioactive IGF1, measured by the IGF1 kinase receptor activation assay, is closer related to human physiological ageing than total IGF1 measured by immunoassay.

Design: We conducted a cross-sectional study in 150 adult males and females, between 20 and 70 years.

Porcine models of non-bacterial thrombotic endocarditis (NBTE) and infective endocarditis (IE) caused by Staphylococcus aureus: a preliminary study.

Background And Aim Of The Study: Non-bacterial thrombotic endocarditis (NBTE) and, in particular, infective endocarditis (IE), are serious and potentially life-threatening diseases. An increasingly important agent of human IE is Staphylococcus aureus, which typically causes an acute endocarditis with high mortality. The study aim was to evaluate the pig as a model for non-bacterial as well as S.

Impaired postprandial response of the insulin-like growth factor system in maintenance haemodialysis.

Objective: Patients on maintenance haemodialysis (HD) have reduced circulating free and bioactive insulin-like growth factor I (IGF-I) due to increased IGF-binding proteins (IGFBPs). This study investigated the postprandial response of the IGF system in HD patients compared with matched healthy subjects.

Design And Patients: In a crossover study, twelve nondiabetic HD patients were assigned in a random order to three 10-h study days: (1) a non-HD day with one meal served at baseline (NHDM1), (2) an HD day with one meal served during HD (HDM1) and (3) an HD day with two meals served during and after HD, respectively (HDM2).

Arctic marine fishes and their fisheries in light of global change.

In light of ocean warming and loss of Arctic sea ice, harvested marine fishes of boreal origin (and their fisheries) move poleward into yet unexploited parts of the Arctic seas. Industrial fisheries, already in place on many Arctic shelves, will radically affect the local fish species as they turn up as unprecedented bycatch. Arctic marine fishes are indispensable to ecosystem structuring and functioning, but they are still beyond credible assessment due to lack of basic biological data.

Circadian variation in the pharmacokinetics of steady state continuous subcutaneous infusion of growth hormone in adult growth hormone deficient patients.

Background: Previous studies in growth hormone (GH)-deficient (GHD) patients have indicated a possible diurnal variation in the pharmacokinetics (PK) of GH after subcutaneous (sc) GH administration. Thus, higher GH levels were observed during the night with continuous sc infusion, and increased GH bioavailability was reported following daily sc injections in the evening compared to morning.

Objective: The aim was to study whether diurnal variability in the PK of sc administered exogenous GH can be reproduced under standard conditions for all study participants, e.

Embolic encephalitis in a porcine model of endocarditis.

Background: Endocarditis is a severe disease in which neurological complications are frequent and associated with increased mortality and complex disease management. In the present study, the pig was evaluated as a model of embolic encephalitis as a complication of experimental infective endocarditis.

Materials And Methods: Brains from pigs with experimental Staphylococcus aureus-associated infective endocarditis (IE; n=2), experimental non-bacterial thrombotic endocarditis (NBTE; n=5), experimental S.