The multiverse of data preprocessing and analysis in graph-based fMRI: A systematic literature review of analytical choices fed into a decision support tool for informed analysis.

The large number of different analytical choices used by researchers is partly responsible for the challenge of replication in neuroimaging studies. For an exhaustive robustness analysis, knowledge of the full space of analytical options is essential. We conducted a systematic literature review to identify the analytical decisions in functional neuroimaging data preprocessing and analysis in the emerging field of cognitive network neuroscience.

Attention-Driven Modulation of Auditory Cortex Activity during Selective Listening in a Multispeaker Setting.

Real-world listening settings often consist of multiple concurrent sound streams. To limit perceptual interference during selective listening, the auditory system segregates and filters the relevant sensory input. Previous work provided evidence that the auditory cortex is critically involved in this process and selectively gates attended input toward subsequent processing stages.

Are there good days and bad days for hearing? Quantifying day-to-day intraindividual speech perception variability in older and younger adults.

Moment-to-moment variations in hearing and speech perception have long been observed. Depending on the researcher's theoretical position, the observed fluctuations have been attributed to measurement error or to internal, nonsensory factors such as fluctuations in attention. While cognitive performance has been shown to fluctuate from day to day over longer time, such fluctuations have not been quantified for speech perception, despite being well-recognized by clinical audiologists and hearing-impaired patients.

The effect of hearing loss on age-related differences in neural distinctiveness.

Age differences in cognitive performance have been shown to be overestimated if age-related hearing loss is not taken into account. Here, we investigated the role of age-related hearing loss on age differences in functional brain organization by assessing its impact on previously reported age differences in neural differentiation. To this end, we analyzed the data of 36 younger adults, 21 older adults with clinically normal hearing, and 21 older adults with mild-to-moderate hearing loss who had taken part in a functional localizer task comprising visual (i.

Dysfunction of the hypothalamic-pituitary adrenal axis and its influence on aging: the role of the hypothalamus.

As part of the hypothalamic-pituitary adrenal (HPA) axis, the hypothalamus exerts pivotal influence on metabolic and endocrine homeostasis. With age, these processes are subject to considerable change, resulting in increased prevalence of physical disability and cardiac disorders. Yet, research on the aging human hypothalamus is lacking.

Preterm birth and neonatal white matter microstructure in in-vivo reconstructed fiber tracts among audiovisual integration brain regions.

Individuals born preterm are at risk of developing a variety of sequelae. Audiovisual integration (AVI) has received little attention despite its facilitating role in the development of socio-cognitive abilities. The present study assessed the association between prematurity and in-vivo reconstructed fiber bundles among brain regions relevant for AVI.

Hypothalamic microstructure and function are related to body mass, but not mental or cognitive abilities across the adult lifespan.

Physical, mental, and cognitive resources are essential for healthy aging. Aging impacts on the structural integrity of various brain regions, including the hippocampus. Even though recent rodent studies hint towards a critical role of the hypothalamus, there is limited evidence on functional consequences of age-related changes of this region in humans.

Graph-theoretical insights into the effects of aging on the speech production network.

Speech production relies on the interplay of different brain regions. Healthy aging leads to complex changes in speech processing and production. Here, we investigated how the whole-brain functional connectivity of healthy elderly individuals differs from that of young individuals.

Distributed networks for auditory memory differentially contribute to recall precision.

Re-directing attention to objects in working memory can enhance their representational fidelity. However, how this attentional enhancement of memory representations is implemented across distinct, sensory and cognitive-control brain network is unspecified. The present fMRI experiment leverages psychophysical modelling and multivariate auditory-pattern decoding as behavioral and neural proxies of mnemonic fidelity.

Fiber tracing and microstructural characterization among audiovisual integration brain regions in neonates compared with young adults.

Audiovisual integration has been related with cognitive-processing and behavioral advantages, as well as with various socio-cognitive disorders. While some studies have identified brain regions instantiating this ability shortly after birth, little is known about the structural pathways connecting them. The goal of the present study was to reconstruct fiber tracts linking AVI regions in the newborn in-vivo brain and assess their adult-likeness by comparing them with analogous fiber tracts of young adults.

Quantitative magnetic resonance imaging for segmentation and white matter extraction of the hypothalamus.

Since the hypothalamus is involved in many neuroendocrine, metabolic, and affective disorders, detailed hypothalamic imaging has become of major interest to better characterize disease-induced tissue damages and abnormalities. Still, image contrast of conventional anatomical magnetic resonance imaging lacks morphological detail, thus complicating complete and precise segmentation of the hypothalamus. The hypothalamus' position lateral to the third ventricle and close proximity to white matter tracts including the optic tract, fornix, and mammillothalamic tract display one of the remaining shortcomings of hypothalamic segmentation, as reliable exclusion of white matter is not yet possible.

Emotion dysregulation and integration of emotion-related brain networks affect intraindividual change in ADHD severity throughout late adolescence.

The course of attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) from adolescence into adulthood shows large variations between individuals; nonetheless determinants of interindividual differences in the course are not well understood. A frequent problem in ADHD, associated with worse outcomes, is emotion dysregulation. We investigated whether emotion dysregulation and integration of emotion-related functional brain networks affect interindividual differences in ADHD severity change.

Treatment of Age-Related Hearing Loss Alters Audiovisual Integration and Resting-State Functional Connectivity: A Randomized Controlled Pilot Trial.

Untreated age-related hearing loss increases audiovisual integration and impacts resting state functional brain connectivity. Further, there is a relation between crossmodal plasticity and audiovisual integration strength in cochlear implant patients. However, it is currently unclear whether amplification of the auditory input by hearing aids influences audiovisual integration and resting state functional brain connectivity.

Physiological variables in association with spreading depolarizations in the late phase of ischemic stroke.

Physiological effects of spreading depolarizations (SD) are only well studied in the first hours after experimental stroke. In patients with malignant hemispheric stroke (MHS), monitoring of SDs is restricted to the postoperative ICU stay, typically day 2-7 post-ictus. Therefore, we investigated the role of physiological variables (temperature, intracranial pressure, mean arterial pressure and cerebral perfusion pressure) in relationship to SD during the late phase after MHS in humans.

Functional network topology of the right insula affects emotion dysregulation in hyperactive-impulsive attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder.

Emotion dysregulation is common in attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD). It is highly prevalent in young adult ADHD and related to reduced well-being and social impairments. Neuroimaging studies reported neural activity changes in ADHD in brain regions associated with emotion processing and regulation.

Robust Correlation for Link Definition in Resting-State fMRI Brain Networks Can Reduce Motion-Related Artifacts.

It is well known that even small head movements introduce artifacts in resting-state functional magnetic resonance imaging data, and over the years, numerous methods were introduced to correct for this issue. The field of robust statistics, however, has not yet received much attention in this regard. In this article, we tested a recently developed statistical method called wrapping and compared it with two already established methods: data scrubbing and an independent component analysis-based approach for the automatic removal of motion artifacts (ICA-AROMA).

Relationship between Memory Load and Listening Demands in Age-Related Hearing Impairment.

Age-related hearing loss has been associated with increased recruitment of frontal brain areas during speech perception to compensate for the decline in auditory input. This additional recruitment may bind resources otherwise needed for understanding speech. However, it is unknown how increased demands on listening interact with increasing cognitive demands when processing speech in age-related hearing loss.

Amygdala reactivity and ventromedial prefrontal cortex coupling in the processing of emotional face stimuli in attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder.

Impaired emotion recognition is common in individuals with attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) and may, via deficient emotion self-regulation, relate to the frequently co-occurring affective and social problems. The present study used an emotional face-matching task and functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) to investigate neural responses during the processing of angry and fearful faces and visuo-spatial control stimuli. Additionally, measures for emotion dysregulation, ADHD type, and age were investigated in relation to the behavioral and neural fMRI data.

Unimpaired social cognition in adult patients with ADHD: brain volumetric and behavioral results.

The present study aimed to investigate whether adult patients with attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) show deficits in social cognition and to identify the structural neural correlates of social cognitive skills in ADHD. Twenty-six adult patients with ADHD and 26 matched healthy control participants performed the Movie for the Assessment of Social Cognition and underwent a structural magnetic resonance imaging scan. We compared theory of mind (ToM) performance between ADHD patients and healthy controls.

Effects of age-related hearing loss and hearing aid experience on sentence processing.

Age-related hearing loss typically affects the hearing of high frequencies in older adults. Such hearing loss influences the processing of spoken language, including higher-level processing such as that of complex sentences. Hearing aids may alleviate some of the speech processing disadvantages associated with hearing loss.

Therapygenetic effects of 5-HTTLPR on cognitive-behavioral therapy in anxiety disorders: A meta-analysis.

There is a recurring debate on the role of the serotonin transporter gene linked polymorphic region (5-HTTLPR) in the moderation of response to cognitive behavioral therapy (CBT) in anxiety disorders. Results, however, are still inconclusive. We here aim to perform a meta-analysis on the role of 5-HTTLPR in the moderation of CBT outcome in anxiety disorders.