Midfemoral Bone Volume of Walking Subjects with Chronic Hemiparesis Post Stroke.

Background And Purpose: Muscle and bone form a functional unit. Residual physical poststroke impairments such as muscle weakness, spasticity, and decrease in function can promote metabolic bone changes. Moreover, muscle strength can influence this process.

Bilateral changes in 3-D scapular kinematics in individuals with chronic stroke.

Background: Stroke can lead to altered scapular motion that may limit the ability to perform activities of daily living. The aims were to evaluate scapular kinematics of individuals with chronic stroke and the correlation with paretic arm function.

Methods: Scapular kinematics was assessed in thirty-four individuals (Chronic stroke=17; controls=17) during arm elevation and lowering in scapular and self-selected planes, and during hair combing.

Muscle atrophy, voluntary activation disturbances, and low serum concentrations of IGF-1 and IGFBP-3 are associated with weakness in people with chronic stroke.

Background: The muscle weakness that is exhibited poststroke is due to a multifactorial etiology involving the central nervous system and skeletal muscle changes. Insulinlike growth factor 1 (IGF-1) and IGF binding protein 3 (IGFBP-3) have been described as biomarkers of neuromuscular performance in many conditions. However, no information about these biomarkers is available for people with chronic hemiparesis.

Muscle atrophy and functional deficits of knee extensors and flexors in people with chronic stroke.

Background: Further clarification is needed with regard to the degree of atrophy in individual muscle groups and its possible relationship to joint torque deficit poststroke.

Objective: The purpose of this study was to investigate quadriceps and hamstring muscle volume and strength deficits of the knee extensors and flexors in people with chronic hemiparesis compared with a control group.

Design: This was a cross-sectional study.

Effects of the addition of functional electrical stimulation to ground level gait training with body weight support after chronic stroke.

Background: The addition of functional electrical stimulation (FES) to treadmill gait training with partial body weight support (BWS) has been proposed as a strategy to facilitate gait training in people with hemiparesis. However, there is a lack of studies that evaluate the effectiveness of FES addition on ground level gait training with BWS, which is the most common locomotion surface.

Objective: To investigate the additional effects of commum peroneal nerve FES combined with gait training and BWS on ground level, on spatial-temporal gait parameters, segmental angles, and motor function.

Gait training with partial body weight support during overground walking for individuals with chronic stroke: a pilot study.

Background: It is not yet established if the use of body weight support (BWS) systems for gait training is effective per se or if it is the combination of BWS and treadmill that improves the locomotion of individuals with gait impairment. This study investigated the effects of gait training on ground level with partial BWS in individuals with stroke during overground walking with no BWS.

Methods: Twelve individuals with chronic stroke (53.

The use of body weight support on ground level: an alternative strategy for gait training of individuals with stroke.

Background: Body weight support (BWS) systems on treadmill have been proposed as a strategy for gait training of subjects with stroke. Considering that ground level is the most common locomotion surface and that there is little information about individuals with stroke walking with BWS on ground level, it is important to investigate the use of BWS on ground level in these individuals as a possible alternative strategy for gait training.

Methods: Thirteen individuals with chronic stroke (four women and nine men; mean age 54.