The role of residual renal function on potassium intake and excretion in patients on peritoneal dialysis.

Background: Patients on chronic dialysis are at increased risk of developing disorders in potassium balance. The preservation of residual renal function (RRF), frequently observed in patients on peritoneal dialysis (PD), may contribute to better control of serum potassium. This study aimed to investigate the role residual renal function on potassium intake and excretion in PD patients.

Development and Validation of a Food Frequency Questionnaire to Assess Potassium Intake of Patients on Hemodialysis.

Objective: To develop and to validate a food frequency questionnaire (FFQ) to assess potassium intake of patients on hemodialysis.

Methods: This is a cross-sectional study that included 41 patients in the FFQ development step and 53 patients in the FFQ validation step. In the FFQ development step, the patients completed a 3-day food record (used as a reference method).

Effect of fructooligosaccharide on endothelial function in CKD patients: a randomized controlled trial.

Background: Microbiota-derived uremic toxins have been associated with inflammation that could corroborate with endothelial dysfunction (ED) and increase cardiovascular risk in patients with chronic kidney disease (CKD). This trial aimed to evaluate the effect of the prebiotic fructooligosaccharide (FOS) on endothelial function and arterial stiffness in nondialysis CKD patients.

Methods: In a double-blind controlled trial, 46 nondiabetic CKD patients were randomized to receive 12 g/day of FOS or placebo (maltodextrin) for 3 months.

Does dietary potassium intake associate with hyperkalemia in patients with chronic kidney disease?

Background: Dietary potassium restriction is a strategy to control hyperkalemia in chronic kidney disease (CKD). However, hyperkalemia may result from a combination of clinical conditions. This study aimed to investigate whether dietary potassium or the intake of certain food groups associate with serum potassium in the face of other risk factors.

Higher Frequency of Fruit Intake Is Associated With a Lower Risk of Constipation in Hemodialysis Patients: A Multicenter Study.

Objectives: Constipation is a multifactorial gastrointestinal disorder commonly found in hemodialysis (HD) patients. In this multicenter cross-sectional study, we aimed to evaluate the prevalence and factors associated with constipation, including the frequency of dietary fiber intake.

Methods: HD patients from 4 dialysis clinics were invited.

Influence of bowel habits on gut-derived toxins in peritoneal dialysis patients.

Background: Gut-derived uremic toxins have been associated with adverse outcomes in chronic kidney disease (CKD). Alterations in bowel habits, including constipation, seem to play an additional role in uremic toxicity. The aim of this study is to investigate the association of bowel habits with gut-derived uremic toxins and intestinal permeability in patients on automated peritoneal dialysis (APD).

Diet in Chronic Kidney Disease: an integrated approach to nutritional therapy.

A healthy diet is an essential requirement to promote and preserve health, even in the presence of diseases, such as chronic kidney disease (CKD). In this review, nutritional therapy for CKD will be addressed considering not only the main nutrients such as protein, phosphorus, potassium, and sodium, which require adjustments as a result of changes that accompany the reduction of renal functions, but also the benefits of adopting dietary patterns associated with better outcomes for both preventing and treating CKD. We will also emphasize that these aspects should also be combined with a process of giving new meaning to a healthy diet so that it can be promoted.

Bowel Habits and the Association With Uremic Toxins in Non-Dialysis-Dependent Chronic Kidney Disease Patients.

Objective: The aim of this study is to evaluate the association between bowel habits and microbial-derived uremic toxins p-cresyl sulfate (PCS) and indoxyl sulfate (IS) in patients with non-dialysis-dependent chronic kidney disease (NDD-CKD).

Design And Methods: This is a cross-sectional analysis including 43 nondiabetic NDD-CKD patients (58% men; 59.0 ± 13.

Prebiotic, Probiotic, and Synbiotic Supplementation in Chronic Kidney Disease: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis.

Objective: Gut dysbiosis has been implicated in the pathogenesis of chronic kidney disease (CKD). Restoring gut microbiota with prebiotic, probiotic, and synbiotic supplementation has emerged as a potential therapeutic intervention but has not been systematically evaluated in the CKD population.

Design And Methods: This is a systematic review.

Effect of prebiotic (fructooligosaccharide) on uremic toxins of chronic kidney disease patients: a randomized controlled trial.

Background: Microbial-derived uremic toxins, p-cresyl sulfate (PCS), indoxyl sulfate (IS) and indole 3-acetic acid (IAA), have been associated with the burden of chronic kidney disease (CKD). Prebiotics have emerged as an alternative to modulate the gut environment and to attenuate toxin production. This trial aims to investigate the effect of a prebiotic fructooligosaccharide (FOS) on uremic toxins of non-dialysis-dependent CKD (NDD-CKD) patients.

Influence of nutritional status, laboratory parameters and dietary patterns upon urinary acid excretion in calcium stone formers.

Introduction: Obesity and Metabolic Syndrome (MS) are associated with low urinary pH and represent risk factors for nephrolithiasis, especially composed by uric acid. Acidogenic diets may also contribute to a reduction of urinary pH. Propensity for calcium oxalate precipitation has been shown to be higher with increasing features of the MS.

Diet Quality of Chronic Kidney Disease Patients and the Impact of Nutritional Counseling.

Objectives: The aims of the study were to evaluate the quality of the diet of nondialysis-dependent patients with chronic kidney disease and to investigate the impact of dietary counseling in the quality of the diet of these patients.

Methods: In the cross-sectional analysis, 3-day food records of 100 nondialysis-dependent patients with chronic kidney disease patients, in the first visit to the renal dietitians, were evaluated using the Diet Quality Index (DQI). Under-reporters were excluded.

Impact of hemodialysis session on handgrip strength.

Introduction: Handgrip strength (HGS) is a simple and reliable method with a good predictive clinical value for assessing muscle function of patients undergoing hemodialysis (HD). However, there is no consensus regarding the appropriate moment for performing the HGS measurement since the performance of the HGS can be influenced by fluid, electrolyte and blood pressure changes that affect patients on HD.

Objective: To investigate the impact of the dialysis session on the HGS in patients undergoing HD.

The short-term effects of olive oil and flaxseed oil for the treatment of constipation in hemodialysis patients.

Objectives: To evaluate the effects of olive oil and flaxseed oil compared with mineral oil for the treatment of constipation in patients undergoing hemodialysis.

Methods: A 4-week, double-blind, randomized, and controlled trial was conducted. Fifty constipated patients (29% male, 51 ± 12 years) diagnosed by the Rome III criteria were randomly assigned to receive mineral oil (control group; n = 17), olive oil (n = 16), or flaxseed oil (n = 17).

Subjective global assessment for the diagnosis of protein-energy wasting in nondialysis-dependent chronic kidney disease patients.

Objectives: Subjective global assessment (SGA) has been demonstrated to be a reliable method for protein-energy wasting (PEW) evaluation in chronic kidney disease (CKD) patients on dialysis. Few data are available on PEW evaluation in nondialysis stages of CKD, and the validity of SGA has been scarcely investigated in this population. Herein, we aimed to evaluate in nondialysis-dependent CKD patients (NDD-CKD): (1) the prevalence of PEW by SGA; (2) the most common abnormalities of the SGA components; and (3) the agreement of SGA with the traditional anthropometric parameters.