Africanized honeybee population (Apis mellifera L.) in Nicaragua: Forewing length and mitotype lineages.

Various subspecies of Apis mellifera L. were introduced to Central America since colonization 500 years ago. Hybridization increased with the entrance of the Africanized bee in Nicaragua in 1984.

Leptospira spp in Rodents from Peridomestic Sites in Endemic Regions of Nicaragua.

Leptospirosis is one of the most important zoonoses in tropical countries, including Nicaragua, where it is considered endemic. The aim of this study was to determine the frequency of Leptospira spp in rodents captured from peridomestic sites in leptospirosis endemic regions of Nicaragua. Using live traps, 191 rodents were captured in 2012 and 2013 between April and December.

Morphotype and haplotype identification of Varroa destructor (Acari: Varroidae), and its importance for apiculture in Nicaragua.

The ectoparasite Varroa (Acari: Varroidae) is considered to be the main pest of honey bees (Apis mellifera L.) in Nicaragua. The aim of this study was to determine morphotypes and mitochondrial haplotypes of the Varroa mites, related to infestation levels in A.

[Detection of spp. in animals and in environmental samples from peridomestic areas in NicaraguaDetecção de spp. em animais e em amostras ambientais de áreas peridomiciliares na Nicarágua].

Objective: The objective of this study was to determine the epidemiological characteristics of leptospirosis in pets and in humans in peridomestic settings in Nicaragua between 2014 and 2016.

Methods: The samples were taken in areas where cases were confirmed in humans using non-probabilistic sampling in 10 of the country's 17 departments. This included 112 urine samples from pets, 129 water samples, and 69 soil samples in order to isolate leptospires in Ellinghausen-McCullough-Johnson-Harris (EMJH) medium.

Hard ticks (Acari: Ixodidae) of livestock in Nicaragua, with notes about distribution.

We document the species of ticks that parasitize livestock in Nicaragua. The study was based on tick collection on cattle and horses from 437 farms in nine departments. Of 4841 animals examined (4481 cows and 360 horses), 3299 were parasitized, which represent 68 % of the bovines and 67 % of the equines in study: 59 cows and 25 horses were parasitized by more than one species.

Mesoamerican nephropathy: a neglected tropical disease with an infectious etiology?

An outbreak of unexplained and severe kidney disease, "Mesoamerican Nephropathy," in mostly young, male sugar cane workers emerged in Central America in the late 1990's. As a result, an estimated 20,000 individuals have died, to date. Unfortunately, and with great consequence to human life, the etiology of the outbreak has yet to be identified.