[Bavarian online database for corona screening tests-development and use of a digital solution in the pandemic].

During the SARS-CoV‑2 pandemic, various data had to be collected to support political decisions for pandemic preparedness and response. Nevertheless, using analogue tools like paper and pencil as well as sending files with media discontinuity that have to be merged later are not useful and can hardly provide usable data in real time. With the selected system architecture, the Bavarian Online Database for Corona Screening Tests (BayCoRei) is a central, Bavaria-wide, consistent digital solution that is agile and easy to use.

Aligning recycling behaviors and the recycling system - Towards a full cycle of materials and behavioral methods.

In a transdisciplinary project with the Municipality of Trelew (Argentina), we assessed barriers to households disposing of separated waste, developed supportive behavioral interventions, tested the interventions in a randomized controlled trial, and supported the Municipality in upscaling the most successful and cost-effective intervention to a total of 20,000 households. The interventions were designed to address the three main barriers to waste separation detected through a baseline study: a lack of knowledge on how separation works; the additional hassle it represents; and the self-regulation challenge it poses. The interventions consisted of envelopes containing simplifying information, empathetic messages, a magnetic calendar acting as a reminder, or a combination thereof.

Evaluation of Screening Tests in Bavarian Healthcare Facilities during the Second Wave of the SARS-CoV-2 Pandemic.

Due to the lack of data on asymptomatic SARS-CoV-2-positive persons in healthcare institutions, they represent an inestimable risk. Therefore, the aim of the current study was to evaluate the first 1,000,000 reported screening tests of asymptomatic staff, patients, residents, and visitors in hospitals and long-term care (LTC) facilities in the State of Bavaria over a period of seven months. Data were used from the online database BayCoRei (Bavarian Corona Screening Tests), established in July 2020.

A hospital-wide initiative to eliminate or reduce needle pain in children using lean methodology.

Introduction: Pain remains common, underrecognized, and undertreated in children's hospitals and pediatric clinics. Over 200,000 patients experience needle pain annually in our institution, caused by blood draws, intravenous access, vaccinations, and injections on all inpatient units, emergency departments, outpatient laboratories, and ambulatory clinics.

Objectives: We implemented a hospital-based, system-wide initiative called the "Children's Comfort Promise," and created a new standard of care for needle procedures that required staff to consistently offer 4 strategies: (1) topical anesthetics, (2) sucrose or breastfeeding for infants 0 to 12 months, (3) comfort positioning (including swaddling, skin-to-skin, or facilitated tucking for infants; sitting upright for children), and (4) age-appropriate distraction.

NaV1.7 and pain: contribution of peripheral nerves.

The sodium channel NaV1.7 contributes to action potential (AP) generation and propagation. Loss-of-function mutations in patients lead to congenital indifference to pain, though it remains unclear where on the way from sensory terminals to central nervous system the signalling is disrupted.

Reduced excitability and impaired nociception in peripheral unmyelinated fibers from Nav1.9-null mice.

The upregulation of the tetrodotoxin-resistant voltage-gated sodium channel NaV1.9 has previously been associated with inflammatory hyperalgesia. Na1.

Use dependence of peripheral nociceptive conduction in the absence of tetrodotoxin-resistant sodium channel subtypes.

Key Points: This study examines conduction in peripheral nerves and its use dependence in tetrodotoxin-resistant (TTXr) sodium channel (Nav 1.8, Nav 1.9) knockout and wildtype animals.

Analgesic Effects of GpTx-1, PF-04856264 and CNV1014802 in a Mouse Model of NaV1.7-Mediated Pain.

Loss-of-function mutations of Na(V)1.7 lead to congenital insensitivity to pain, a rare condition resulting in individuals who are otherwise normal except for the inability to sense pain, making pharmacological inhibition of Na(V)1.7 a promising therapeutic strategy for the treatment of pain.

Specific changes in conduction velocity recovery cycles of single nociceptors in a patient with erythromelalgia with the I848T gain-of-function mutation of Nav1.7.

Seven patients diagnosed with erythromelalgia (EM) were investigated by microneurography to record from unmyelinated nerve fibers in the peroneal nerve. Two patients had characterized variants of sodium channel Nav1.7 (I848T, I228M), whereas no mutations of coding regions of Navs were found in 5 patients with EM.

C-fiber recovery cycle supernormality depends on ion concentration and ion channel permeability.

Following each action potential, C-fiber nociceptors undergo cyclical changes in excitability, including a period of superexcitability, before recovering their basal excitability state. The increase in superexcitability during this recovery cycle depends upon their immediate firing history of the axon, but also determines the instantaneous firing frequency that encodes pain intensity. To explore the mechanistic underpinnings of the recovery cycle phenomenon a biophysical model of a C-fiber has been developed.

Pain Outcomes in a US Children's Hospital: A Prospective Cross-Sectional Survey.

Background And Objectives: Pain in hospitalized children may be underrecognized and undertreated. The objective of this survey was to benchmark pain prevalence, intensity, assessment, and pharmacologic as well as integrative treatment of pain in inpatients in a US children's hospital.

Methods: This was a single-day, cross-sectional survey and electronic medical record review of inpatients who received medical care at a pediatric hospital.

Bisphenol A binds to the local anesthetic receptor site to block the human cardiac sodium channel.

Bisphenol A (BPA) has attracted considerable public attention as it leaches from plastic used in food containers, is detectable in human fluids and recent epidemiologic studies link BPA exposure with diseases including cardiovascular disorders. As heart-toxicity may derive from modified cardiac electrophysiology, we investigated the interaction between BPA and hNav1.5, the predominant voltage-gated sodium channel subtype expressed in the human heart.

Time course of acetylcholine-induced activation of sympathetic efferents matches axon reflex sweating in humans.

Action potentials from postganglionic C-fibres were recorded in healthy volunteers by microneurography in the peroneal nerve. Their responsiveness to mechanical or heat stimuli or to sympathetic reflex provocation tests was determined by transient slowing of conduction velocity following activation. Twenty units were classified as sympathetic efferent units.

The human vasodilator axon reflex - an exclusively peripheral phenomenon?

The effect of regional anesthesia of the brachial plexus on the size and intensity of the histamine-induced axon reflex flare (neurogenic inflammation) of the forearm and the upper arm was compared to that of the contralateral arm as control in humans. No changes in the axon reflex could be assessed. Thus the lateral spread of the axon reflex flare must be transmitted by peripheral nerve branches not affected by the anesthesia in the axilla.

Response of human oral mucosa and skin to histamine provocation: laser Doppler perfusion imaging discloses differences in the nociceptive nervous system.

Objective: To investigate the existence of histamine-excitable nerve fibers in the oral mucosa and to compare the response to histamine provocation in healthy volunteers with that in a small group of patients with chronic oral pain.

Material And Methods: Thirteen healthy volunteers and six patients suffering from chronic oral pain took part in the study. Blood perfusion was monitored in the hard palate, the tongue, and the skin of the cheek using laser Doppler perfusion imaging (Perimed; Sweden).

Endothelin 1 activates and sensitizes human C-nociceptors.

Microneurography was used to record action potentials from afferent C-fibers in cutaneous fascicles of the peroneal nerve in healthy volunteers. Afferent fibers were classified according to their mechanical responsiveness to von Frey stimulation (75g) into mechano-responsive and mechano-insensitive nociceptors. Various concentrations of Endothelin1 (ET1) and Histamine were injected into the receptive fields of C-fibers.

Abnormal function of C-fibers in patients with diabetic neuropathy.

The mechanisms underlying the development of painful and nonpainful neuropathy associated with diabetes mellitus are unclear. We have obtained microneurographic recordings from unmyelinated fibers in eight patients with diabetes mellitus, five with painful neuropathy, and three with neuropathy without pain. All eight patients had large-fiber neuropathy, and seven patients had pathological thermal thresholds in their feet, indicating the involvement of small-caliber nerve fibers.

Mechanically induced axon reflex and hyperalgesia in human UV-B burn are reduced by systemic lidocaine.

The mechanisms for the induction of primary mechanical hyperalgesia are unclear. We analyzed the neurogenic axon reflex erythema (flare) following phasic mechanical stimulation in normal and in UV-B irradiated skin. In a cross-over double blind design (n = 10), low dose of systemic lidocaine suppressed mechanical hyperalgesia in sunburned skin and in the mechanically induced flare.

Pathological C-fibres in patients with a chronic painful condition.

Little is known about the contribution of C-afferent fibres to chronic painful conditions in humans. We sought to investigate the role of C-fibres in the pathophysiology of pain and hyperalgesia in erythromelalgia as a model disease for chronic pain. Erythromelalgia is a condition characterized by painful, red and hot extremities, and patients often report tenderness on walking.

Neural signal processing: the underestimated contribution of peripheral human C-fibers.

The microneurography technique was used to analyze use-dependent frequency modulation of action potential (AP) trains in human nociceptive peripheral nerves. Fifty-one single C-afferent units (31 mechano-responsive, 20 mechano-insensitive) were recorded from cutaneous fascicles of the peroneal nerve in awake human subjects. Trains of two and four suprathreshold electrical stimuli at interstimulus intervals of 20 and 50 msec were applied to the receptive fields of single identified nociceptive units at varying repetition rates.

ATP responses in human C nociceptors.

Microelectrode recordings of impulse activity in nociceptive C fibres were performed in cutaneous fascicles of the peroneal nerve at the knee level in healthy human subjects. Mechano-heat responsive C units (CMH), mechano-insensitive but heat-responsive (CH) as well as mechano-insensitive and heat-insensitive C units (CM(i)H(i)) were identified. A subgroup of the mechano-insensitive units was readily activated by histamine.