Viewing angle, skill level and task representativeness affect response times in basketball defence.

In basketball defence, it is impossible to keep track of all players without peripheral vision. This is the first study to investigate peripheral vision usage in an experimentally controlled setup, with sport-specific basketball stimuli from a first-person perspective, large viewing eccentricities (up to 90° to the left and right), and natural action responses. A CAVE and a motion-tracking system was used to project the scenarios and capture movement responses of high- and low-skilled basketball players, respectively.

Are predictive saccades linked to the processing of peripheral information?

High-level athletes can predict the actions of an opposing player. Interestingly, such predictions are also reflected by the athlete's gaze behavior. In cricket, for example, players first pursue the ball with their eyes before they very often initiate two predictive saccades: one to the predicted ball-bounce point and a second to the predicted ball-bat-contact point.

Peripheral vision in real-world tasks: A systematic review.

Peripheral vision is fundamental for many real-world tasks, including walking, driving, and aviation. Nonetheless, there has been no effort to connect these applied literatures to research in peripheral vision in basic vision science or sports science. To close this gap, we analyzed 60 relevant papers, chosen according to objective criteria.

Topical Review: The Top Five Peripheral Vision Tools in Sport.

Significance: This study summarizes the empirical evidence on the use of peripheral vision for the most-researched peripheral vision tools in sports.

Unlabelled: The objective of this review was to explain if and how the tools can be used to investigate peripheral vision usage and how empirical findings with these vision tools might be transferred to sports situations. The data sources used in this study were Scopus, ScienceDirect, and PubMed.

A critical systematic review of the Neurotracker perceptual-cognitive training tool.

In this systematic review, we evaluate the scientific evidence behind "Neurotracker," one of the most popular perceptual-cognitive training tools in sports. The tool, which is also used in rehabilitation and aging research to examine cognitive abilities, uses a 3D multiple object-tracking (MOT) task. In this review, we examine Neurotracker from both a sport science and a basic science perspective.

Perception and Action in Sports. On the Functionality of Foveal and Peripheral Vision.

An optimal coupling between perception and action is crucial for successful performance in sports. In basketball, for example, a stable fixation onto the basket helps to gain precise visual information of the target to successfully throw a basketball into the basket. In basketball-defense situations, however, opposing players cutting to the basket can be detected by using peripheral vision as less precise information are sufficient to mark this player.

Detecting motion changes with peripheral vision: On the superiority of fixating over smooth-pursuit tracking.

Detecting motion changes is a fundamental prerequisite for solving tasks in sports and in everyday life. It is known that peripheral vision is used to detect these changes and that saccades impair detection performance. However, comparatively little is known about the role of smooth-pursuit eye-movements (SPEMs) during these tasks.

Testing the functionality of peripheral vision in a mixed-methods football field study.

In team sports, peripheral vision might be useful to simultaneously monitor movements of opponents and teammates. Until now, however, little is known about the perceptual-cognitive processes underlying peripheral vision in a sporting task. Therefore, we used a mixed-methods approach with in-situ decision making (3 vs.

How selective attention affects the detection of motion changes with peripheral vision in MOT.

In sports, peripheral vision is expected to play an important role in tasks that demand distributed attention and motion-change detection. By using the Multiple-Object-Tracking (MOT) task, these demands were simulated in a well-controlled laboratory environment. Participants tracked four target out of ten moving objects (6 distractors) and pressed a button when one of the ten objects stopped.

Peripheral Vision in Martial Arts Experts: The Cost-Dependent Anchoring of Gaze.

Research on martial arts has suggested that gaze anchoring is functional for optimizing the use of peripheral visual information. The current study predicted that the height of gaze anchoring on the opponent's body would depend on the potential attacking locations that need to be monitored. To test this prediction, the authors compared high-level athletes in kung fu (Qwan Ki Do), who attack with their arms and legs, with Tae Kwon Do fighters, who attack mostly with their legs.

Eye-Tracking Technology and the Dynamics of Natural Gaze Behavior in Sports: A Systematic Review of 40 Years of Research.

Reviewing 60 studies on natural gaze behavior in sports, it becomes clear that, over the last 40 years, the use of eye-tracking devices has considerably increased. Specifically, this review reveals the large variance of methods applied, analyses performed, and measures derived within the field. The results of sub-sample analyses suggest that sports-related eye-tracking research strives, on the one hand, for ecologically valid test settings (i.

Disentangling vision and attention in multiple-object tracking: How crowding and collisions affect gaze anchoring and dual-task performance.

Previous studies of multiple-object tracking have shown that gaze behavior is affected by target collisions and target-distractor crowding. Therefore, in order to experimentally disentangle this collision-crowding confound, we examined events of target collisions with the bordering frame and crowding with distractors. We hypothesized that collisions are particularly demanding for covert attentional processing, whereas crowding particularly challenges peripheral vision.

Detecting target changes in multiple object tracking with peripheral vision: More pronounced eccentricity effects for changes in form than in motion.

In the current study, dual-task performance is examined with multiple-object tracking as a primary task and target-change detection as a secondary task. The to-be-detected target changes in conditions of either change type (form vs. motion; Experiment 1) or change salience (stop vs.

Detecting single-target changes in multiple object tracking: The case of peripheral vision.

In the present study, we investigated whether peripheral vision can be used to monitor multiple moving objects and to detect single-target changes. For this purpose, in Experiment 1, a modified multiple object tracking (MOT) setup with a large projection screen and a constant-position centroid phase had to be checked first. Classical findings regarding the use of a virtual centroid to track multiple objects and the dependency of tracking accuracy on target speed could be successfully replicated.

Perceptual Training in Beach Volleyball Defence: Different Effects of Gaze-Path Cueing on Gaze and Decision-Making.

For perceptual-cognitive skill training, a variety of intervention methods has been proposed, including the so-called "color-cueing method" which aims on superior gaze-path learning by applying visual markers. However, recent findings challenge this method, especially, with regards to its actual effects on gaze behavior. Consequently, after a preparatory study on the identification of appropriate visual cues for life-size displays, a perceptual-training experiment on decision-making in beach volleyball was conducted, contrasting two cueing interventions (functional vs.

Hand preference patterns in expert basketball players: interrelations between basketball-specific and everyday life behavior.

In the present study we examined the interrelation of everyday life handedness and hand preference in basketball, as an area of expertise that requires individuals being proficient with both their non-dominant and dominant hand. A secondary aim was to elucidate the link between basketball-specific practice, hand preference in basketball and everyday life handedness. Therefore, 176 expert basketball players self-reported their hand preference for activities of daily living and for basketball-specific behavior as well as details about their basketball-specific history via questionnaire.