Follow-up of urolithiasis patients after treatment: an algorithm from the EAU Urolithiasis Panel.

Objective: To develop a follow-up algorithm for urinary stone patients after definitive treatment.

Materials And Methods: The panel performed a systematic review on follow-up of urinary stone patients after treatment (PROSPERO: CRD42020205739). Given the lack of comparative studies we critically evaluated the literature and reached a consensus on the follow-up scheme.

International Alliance of Urolithiasis (IAU) guidelines on the metabolic evaluation and medical management of urolithiasis.

The aim of this study was to construct the fourth in a series of guidelines on the treatment of urolithiasis by the International Alliance of Urolithiasis (IAU) that by providing a clinical framework for the metabolic evaluation, prevention, and follow-up of patients with urolithiasis based on the best available published literature. All recommendations were summarized following a systematic review and assessment of the literature in the PubMed database from January 1976 to June 2022. Each generated recommendation was graded using a modified GRADE methodology.

International Alliance of Urolithiasis Guideline on Shockwave Lithotripsy.

Different international associations have proposed their own guidelines on urolithiasis. However, the focus is primarily on an overview of the principles of urolithiasis management rather than step-by-step technical details for the procedure. The International Alliance of Urolithiasis (IAU) is releasing a series of guidelines on the management of urolithiasis.

Best Practice in Interventional Management of Urolithiasis: An Update from the European Association of Urology Guidelines Panel for Urolithiasis 2022.

Purpose: The European Association of Urology (EAU) has updated its guidelines on clinical best practice in urolithiasis for 2021. We therefore aimed to present a summary of best clinical practice in surgical intervention for patients with upper tract urolithiasis.

Materials And Methods: The panel performed a comprehensive literature review of novel data up to May 2021.

European Association of Urology Urolithiasis Guidelines: Where Are We Going?

Urolithiasis is a clinical condition showing increasing trends, especially among European and other developed countries. The European Association of Urology (EAU), in close collaboration with experts in the field, publishes a yearly updated clinical guideline, in order to provide practicing urologists around Europe and the rest of the world a tool for optimizing patient care and decision-making. The methodological approach for developing this guide is quite rigorous and follows rigorous scientific standards.

European Association of Urology Guidelines Office Rapid Reaction Group: An Organisation-wide Collaborative Effort to Adapt the European Association of Urology Guidelines Recommendations to the Coronavirus Disease 2019 Era.

The coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic is unlike anything seen before by modern science-based medicine. Health systems across the world are struggling to manage it. Added to this struggle are the effects of social confinement and isolation.

Treatment of Bladder Stones in Adults and Children: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis on Behalf of the European Association of Urology Urolithiasis Guideline Panel.

Context: Bladder stones (BS) constitute 5% of urinary stones. Currently, there is no systematic review of their treatment.

Objective: To assess the efficacy (primary outcome: stone-free rate [SFR]) and morbidity of BS treatments.

The Role of Medical Expulsive Therapy for Ureteral Stones: Pro MET.

Medical expulsive therapy is efficacious in patients with ureteric stones who are amenable to conservative management. The greatest benefit might be among those with larger stones. Therefore, the European Association of Urology Guideline Panel has kept the recommendation to offer α-blockers for patients with distal ureteral stones of 5-10mm.

Tract Sizes in Miniaturized Percutaneous Nephrolithotomy: A Systematic Review from the European Association of Urology Urolithiasis Guidelines Panel.

Context: Miniaturized instruments for percutaneous nephrolithotomy (PNL), utilizing tracts sized ≤22 Fr, have been developed in an effort to reduce the morbidity and increase the efficiency of stone removal compared with standard PNL (>22 Fr).

Objective: We systematically reviewed all available evidence on the efficacy and safety of miniaturized PNL for removing renal calculi.

Evidence Acquisition: The review was performed according to the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-analyses statement.

Medical Expulsive Therapy for Ureterolithiasis: The EAU Recommendations in 2016.

Medical expulsive therapy (MET), in particular α-blockers, have been recommended as supportive medication if observational treatment of a ureteral stone was an option. Over the years, a considerable number of randomized controlled trials (RCT) as well as several meta-analyses have been published on MET, supporting the use of α-blockers. However, several recently published high quality, large, placebo-controlled randomized trials raised serious doubts about the effectiveness of α-blockers.

EAU Guidelines on Interventional Treatment for Urolithiasis.

Context: Management of urinary stones is a major issue for most urologists. Treatment modalities are minimally invasive and include extracorporeal shockwave lithotripsy (SWL), ureteroscopy (URS), and percutaneous nephrolithotomy (PNL). Technological advances and changing treatment patterns have had an impact on current treatment recommendations, which have clearly shifted towards endourologic procedures.

EAU Guidelines on Diagnosis and Conservative Management of Urolithiasis.

Context: Low-dose computed tomography (CT) has become the first choice for detection of ureteral calculi. Conservative observational management of renal stones is possible, although the availability of minimally invasive treatment often leads to active treatment. Acute renal colic due to ureteral stone obstruction is an emergency that requires immediate pain management.

Metabolic evaluation and recurrence prevention for urinary stone patients: EAU guidelines.

Context: An optimum metabolic evaluation strategy for urinary stone patients has not been clearly defined.

Objective: To evaluate the optimum strategy for metabolic stone evaluation and management to prevent recurrent urinary stones.

Evidence Acquisition: Several databases were searched to identify studies on the metabolic evaluation and prevention of stone recurrence in urolithiasis patients.

Functional aspects of silent ureteral stones investigated with MAG-3 renal scintigraphy.

Background: To investigate functional aspects of silent ureteral stones with special focus on obstruction and its relationship to renal anatomy. The present study is the first investigation of renal excretory function in patients with silent ureteral stones.

Methods: Patients with primarily asymptomatic ureteral stones underwent a mercapto-acetyltriglycine (MAG-3) renal scintigraphy prior to treatment, in addition to anatomic evaluation of renal units and serum creatinine levels.

Self-similarity of higher-order moving averages.

In this work, higher-order moving average polynomials are defined by straightforward generalization of the standard moving average. The self-similarity of the polynomials is analyzed for fractional Brownian series and quantified in terms of the Hurst exponent H by using the detrending moving average method. We prove that the exponent H of the fractional Brownian series and of the detrending moving average variance asymptotically agree for the first-order polynomial.

Snow metamorphism: A fractal approach.

Snow is a porous disordered medium consisting of air and three water phases: ice, vapor, and liquid. The ice phase consists of an assemblage of grains, ice matrix, initially arranged over a random load bearing skeleton. The quantitative relationship between density and morphological characteristics of different snow microstructures is still an open issue.

Fractal heterogeneous media.

A method is presented for generating compact fractal disordered media by generalizing the random midpoint displacement algorithm. The obtained structures are invasive stochastic fractals, with the Hurst exponent varying as a continuous parameter, as opposed to lacunar deterministic fractals, such as the Menger sponge. By employing the detrending moving average algorithm [A.

Priapism as a manifestation of tetania.

In a 40-year old male admitted because of anginal chest pain, priapism developed after coronary angiography. Chest pain and priapism most probably were due to severe hypocalcaemia 6 weeks after thyroidectomy. Both chest pain and priapism disappeared after substitution of calcium.