Closing the gap between science and management of cold-water refuges in rivers and streams.

Human activities and climate change threaten coldwater organisms in freshwater ecosystems by causing rivers and streams to warm, increasing the intensity and frequency of warm temperature events, and reducing thermal heterogeneity. Cold-water refuges are discrete patches of relatively cool water that are used by coldwater organisms for thermal relief and short-term survival. Globally, cohesive management approaches are needed that consider interlinked physical, biological, and social factors of cold-water refuges.

Integrating regional and local monitoring data and assessment tools to evaluate habitat conditions and inform river restoration.

Restoring degraded rivers requires initial assessment of the fluvial landscape to identify stressors and riverine features that can be enhanced. We associated local-scale river habitat data collected using standardized national monitoring tools with modeled regional water temperature and flow data on mid-sized northwest U.S.

Riverscape approaches in practice: perspectives and applications.

Landscape perspectives in riverine ecology have been undertaken increasingly in the last 30 years, leading aquatic ecologists to develop a diverse set of approaches for conceptualizing, mapping and understanding 'riverscapes'. Spatiotemporally explicit perspectives of rivers and their biota nested within the socio-ecological landscape now provide guiding principles and approaches in inland fisheries and watershed management. During the last two decades, scientific literature on riverscapes has increased rapidly, indicating that the term and associated approaches are serving an important purpose in freshwater science and management.

Integrating thermal infrared stream temperature imagery and spatial stream network models to understand natural spatial thermal variability in streams.

Under a warmer future climate, thermal refuges could facilitate the persistence of species relying on cold-water habitat. Often these refuges are small and easily missed or smoothed out by averaging in models. Thermal infrared (TIR) imagery can provide empirical water surface temperatures that capture these features at a high spatial resolution (<1 m) and over tens of kilometers.

Myocardial injury in severe COVID-19 is similar to pneumonias of other origin: results from a multicentre study.

Aims: COVID-19, a respiratory viral disease causing severe pneumonia, also affects the heart and other organs. Whether its cardiac involvement is a specific feature consisting of myocarditis, or simply due to microvascular injury and systemic inflammation, is yet unclear and presently debated. Because myocardial injury is also common in other kinds of pneumonias, we investigated and compared such occurrence in severe pneumonias due to COVID-19 and other causes.

Conceptualizing Ecological Responses to Dam Removal: If You Remove It, What's to Come?

One of the desired outcomes of dam decommissioning and removal is the recovery of aquatic and riparian ecosystems. To investigate this common objective, we synthesized information from empirical studies and ecological theory into conceptual models that depict key physical and biological links driving ecological responses to removing dams. We define models for three distinct spatial domains: upstream of the former reservoir, within the reservoir, and downstream of the removed dam.

Simulated juvenile salmon growth and phenology respond to altered thermal regimes and stream network shape.

It is generally accepted that climate change will stress coldwater species like Pacific salmon. However, it is unclear what aspect of altered thermal regimes (e.g.

Modeling intrinsic potential for beaver (Castor canadensis) habitat to inform restoration and climate change adaptation.

Through their dam-building activities and subsequent water storage, beaver have the potential to restore riparian ecosystems and offset some of the predicted effects of climate change by modulating streamflow. Thus, it is not surprising that reintroducing beaver to watersheds from which they have been extirpated is an often-used restoration and climate-adaptation strategy. Identifying sites for reintroduction, however, requires detailed information about habitat factors-information that is not often available at broad spatial scales.

Landscape context and the biophysical response of rivers to dam removal in the United States.

Dams have been a fundamental part of the U.S. national agenda over the past two hundred years.

The interactive effects of climate change, riparian management, and a nonnative predator on stream-rearing salmon.

Predicting how climate change is likely to interact with myriad other stressors that threaten species of conservation concern is an essential challenge in aquatic ecosystems. This study provides a framework to accomplish this task in salmon-bearing streams of the northwestern United States, where land-use-related reductions in riparian shading have caused changes in stream thermal regimes, and additional warming from projected climate change may result in significant losses of coldwater fish habitat over the next century. Predatory, nonnative smallmouth bass have also been introduced into many northwestern streams, and their range is likely to expand as streams warm, presenting an additional challenge to the persistence of threatened Pacific salmon.

Network analysis reveals multiscale controls on streamwater chemistry.

By coupling synoptic data from a basin-wide assessment of streamwater chemistry with network-based geostatistical analysis, we show that spatial processes differentially affect biogeochemical condition and pattern across a headwater stream network. We analyzed a high-resolution dataset consisting of 664 water samples collected every 100 m throughout 32 tributaries in an entire fifth-order stream network. These samples were analyzed for an exhaustive suite of chemical constituents.

Diel horizontal migration in streams: juvenile fish exploit spatial heterogeneity in thermal and trophic resources.

Vertical heterogeneity in the physical characteristics of lakes and oceans is ecologically salient and exploited by a wide range of taxa through diel vertical migration to enhance their growth and survival. Whether analogous behaviors exploit horizontal habitat heterogeneity in streams is largely unknown. We investigated fish movement behavior at daily timescales to explore how individuals integrated across spatial variation in food abundance and water temperature.

Modelling dendritic ecological networks in space: an integrated network perspective.

Dendritic ecological networks (DENs) are a unique form of ecological networks that exhibit a dendritic network topology (e.g. stream and cave networks or plant architecture).

Histologic pathologies of the myocardium in septic shock: a prospective observational study.

Myocardial depression in septic shock is well known, but its pathophysiological genesis is incompletely understood. To assess the incidence and extent of stress-induced histologic myocardial alterations in septic shock, a prospective, observational, combined clinical and postmortem study was conducted, and 20 patients dying from septic shock were included. Exclusion criteria were younger than 18 years, pregnancy, open heart surgery or cardiopulmonary resuscitation, acute neurologic diseases, pheochromocytoma, and forensic autopsy.

Haemodynamic variables and functional outcome in hypothermic patients following out-of-hospital cardiac arrest.

Aim Of The Study: To evaluate the association between haemodynamic variables during the first 24h after intensive care unit (ICU) admission and neurological outcome in out-of-hospital cardiac arrest (OHCA) victims undergoing therapeutic hypothermia.

Methods: In a multi-disciplinary ICU, records were reviewed for comatose OHCA patients undergoing therapeutic hypothermia. The hourly variable time integral of haemodynamic variables during the first 24h after admission was calculated.

A process-based hierarchical framework for monitoring glaciated alpine headwaters.

Recent studies have demonstrated the geomorphic complexity and wide range of hydrologic regimes found in alpine headwater channels that provide complex habitats for aquatic taxa. These geohydrologic elements are fundamental to better understand patterns in species assemblages and indicator taxa and are necessary to aquatic monitoring protocols that aim to track changes in physical conditions. Complex physical variables shape many biological and ecological traits, including life history strategies, but these mechanisms can only be understood if critical physical variables are adequately represented within the sampling framework.

Projected climate-induced habitat loss for salmonids in the John Day River network, Oregon, U.S.A.

Climate change will likely have profound effects on cold-water species of freshwater fishes. As temperatures rise, cold-water fish distributions may shift and contract in response. Predicting the effects of projected stream warming in stream networks is complicated by the generally poor correlation between water temperature and air temperature.

Adverse cardiac events during catecholamine vasopressor therapy: a prospective observational study.

Purpose: To determine the incidence of and risk factors for adverse cardiac events during catecholamine vasopressor therapy in surgical intensive care unit patients with cardiovascular failure.

Methods: The occurrence of any of seven predefined adverse cardiac events (prolonged elevated heart rate, tachyarrhythmia, myocardial cell damage, acute cardiac arrest or death, pulmonary hypertension-induced right heart dysfunction, reduction of systemic blood flow) was prospectively recorded during catecholamine vasopressor therapy lasting at least 12 h.

Results: Fifty-four of 112 study patients developed a total of 114 adverse cardiac events, an incidence of 48.

Temperature-associated population diversity in salmon confers benefits to mobile consumers.

Habitat heterogeneity can generate intraspecific diversity through local adaptation of populations. While it is becoming increasingly clear that population diversity can increase stability in species abundance, less is known about how population diversity can benefit consumers that can integrate across population diversity in their prey. Here we demonstrate cascading effects of thermal heterogeneity on trout-salmon interactions in streams where rainbow trout rely heavily on the seasonal availability of anadromous salmon eggs.

Concomitant arginine-vasopressin and hydrocortisone therapy in severe septic shock: association with mortality.

Purpose: To evaluate the association between concomitant arginine-vasopressin (AVP)/hydrocortisone therapy and mortality in severe septic shock patients.

Methods: This retrospective study included severe septic shock patients treated with supplementary AVP. To test the association between concomitant AVP/hydrocortisone use and mortality, a multivariate regression and Cox model (adjusted for admission year, initial AVP dosage and the Sepsis-related Organ Failure Assessment score before AVP) as well as a propensity score-based analysis were used.

Influenza A(H1N1) infection and severe cardiac dysfunction in adults: A case series.

Background: While viral myocarditis and heart failure are recognized and feared complications of seasonal influenza A infection, only limited information is available for 2009 influenza A(H1N1)-induced heart failure.

Methods And Main Findings: This case series summarizes the disease course of four patients with 2009 influenza A(H1N1) infection who were treated at our institution from November 2009 until September 2010. All patients presented with severe cardiac dysfunction (acute heart failure, cardiogenic shock or cardiac arrest due to ventricular fibrillation) as the leading symptom of influenza A(H1N1) infection.

Current approach to the haemodynamic management of septic shock patients in European intensive care units: a cross-sectional, self-reported questionnaire-based survey.

Background And Objective: The aim of this survey was to investigate clinicians' current approach to the haemodynamic management and resuscitation endpoints in septic shock.

Methods: This cross-sectional, self-reported questionnaire-based survey was sent to the clinical director of selected ICUs in 16 European countries. The questionnaire consisted of two parts and 25 questions.

Early fish oil supplementation and organ failure in patients with septic shock from abdominal infections: a propensity-matched cohort study.

Background: Fish oil (FO) has immunomodulating effects and may improve organ function and outcome in critically ill patients. This retrospective, propensity-matched cohort study investigates the effects of early intravenous FO supplementation on organ failure in patients with septic shock from abdominal infection.

Methods: A medical database was retrospectively searched for critically ill patients admitted because of septic shock from abdominal infection (n = 194).