Fbw7 repression by hes5 creates a feedback loop that modulates Notch-mediated intestinal and neural stem cell fate decisions.

FBW7 is a crucial component of an SCF-type E3 ubiquitin ligase, which mediates degradation of an array of different target proteins. The Fbw7 locus comprises three different isoforms, each with its own promoter and each suspected to have a distinct set of substrates. Most FBW7 targets have important functions in developmental processes and oncogenesis, including Notch proteins, which are functionally important substrates of SCF(Fbw7).

Experiments, measurements, and mathematical modeling to decipher time signals in development.

Good progress has been made in identifying key signaling molecules and explaining how they are used to generate spatial patterns during embryonic development. In contrast, little is known about the control of timing or how cells use time signals in the developing embryo. In this review, I describe how direct measurements from the embryo combined with mathematical modeling could bring new insights.

Absence of an external germinal layer in zebrafish and shark reveals a distinct, anamniote ground plan of cerebellum development.

The granule cell layer of the cerebellum comprises the largest population of neurons in the vertebrate CNS. In amniotes, its precursors undergo a unique phase of transit amplification, regulated by Sonic hedgehog. They do so within a prominent but transient secondary proliferative epithelium, the external germinal layer, which is formed by tangential migration of precursor cells from the rhombic lip.

Cloning and embryonic expression of five distinct sfrp genes in the zebrafish Danio rerio.

Recently, a new member of the secreted frizzled-related protein (sFRP) family, named tlc, has been identified as expressed by the anterior neural border (ANB) cells in the zebrafish Danio rerio. Tlc plays an important role in telencephalic induction and patterning. In absence of Tlc, formation of the telencephalon is severely delayed, but not abolished.

H-NS in Gram-negative bacteria: a family of multifaceted proteins.

DNA-packaging and the control of gene expression constitute a major challenge for bacteria to survive and adapt to environmental changes. The use of multiple strategies to solve these problems could explain the presence of various nucleoid-associated proteins in bacteria. H-NS, one of these proteins, has been extensively studied in Escherichia coli, and a variety of phenotypes have been associated with a mutation in its structural gene.

A Novel H-NS-like protein from an antarctic psychrophilic bacterium reveals a crucial role for the N-terminal domain in thermal stability.

We describe here new members of the H-NS protein family identified in a psychrotrophic Acinetobacter spp. bacterium collected in Siberia and in a psychrophilic Psychrobacter spp. bacterium collected in Antarctica.

Effect of mild acid pH on the functioning of bacterial membranes in Vibrio cholerae.

In this paper, we initiated the first two-dimensional electrophoresis map of Vibrio cholerae, the aetiological agent of cholera disease. In this pathogen the efficient adaptation to detrimental conditions plays an important role in its survival in both the aquatic reservoir and human intestine. By proteome analysis we investigated the effect of mild acid treatment on the physiology of V.