Pediatric COVID-19 case with regard to the family infection chain and the psychosocial context.

The role of children in households, spreading SARS-CoV-2, may differ from measles or influenza, and therefore, these diseases are not directly comparable to COVID-19. The psychosocial aspect of infection and quarantine for families and children suggests that fear of social stigmatization can lead to not disclosing the infection.

[Corona in Children: the Co-Ki Study].

Background: In Germany over 80% of children and adolescents are in the ambulatory care of registered pediatricians. These have a specific perspective on the COVID-19 pandemic.

Methods: For this reason, this professional group initiated a central recording of case numbers, individual case descriptions and observations on infections and illnesses with SARS-CoV‑2 (www.

Akt-dependent enhanced migratory capacity of Th17 cells from children with lupus nephritis.

Th17 cells infiltrate the kidneys of patients with lupus nephritis (LN) and are critical for the pathogenesis of this disease. In this study, we show that enhanced activity of Stat3 in CD4(+)CD45RA(-)Foxp3(-) and Foxp3(low) effector T cells from children with LN correlates with increased frequencies of IL-17-producing cells within these T cell populations. The levels of retinoic acid-related orphan receptor c and IL-17 mRNA are significantly higher in PBMCs from children with LN than in those from controls.

Urinary incontinence in children.

Background: Urinary incontinence (bedwetting, enuresis) is the commonest urinary symptom in children and adolescents and can lead to major distress for the affected children and their parents. Physiological and non-physiological types of urinary incontinence are sometimes hard to tell apart in this age group.

Methods: This article is based on selected literature retrieved by a PubMed search and on an interdisciplinary expert consensus.

Which treatments do children with newly diagnosed non-organic urinary incontinence receive? An analysis of 3,188 outpatient cases from Germany.

Aims: Objectives of this study were to examine the administrative incidence of urinary incontinence in children and to assess related outpatient health services utilization in this cohort.

Methods: Data of a statutory health insurance company were analyzed and outpatients from 1 to 18 years of age with a first recorded ICD-10 code for non-organic urinary incontinence during a 1-year-period (2007) were identified. For this cohort, the prescription of desmopressin, antispasmodics, non-selective monoamine reuptake inhibitors, alarm devices, and incontinence pads in the quarter of the first diagnosis and in the following one (i.

Did the removal of the indication of nocturnal enuresis for intranasal desmopressin change prescribing practice?

Purpose: The indication for the treatment of primary nocturnal enuresis was removed from all intranasal preparations of desmopressin in May 2007. Objective of this study was to examine whether and how fast this regulatory decision changed prescribing in affected children.

Methods: We analyzed claims data of the Gmünder ErsatzKasse (GEK) over the years 2004-2008.

Markers of childhood lupus nephritis indicating disease activity.

Current treatment regimens for childhood lupus nephritis (LN) are associated with significant side-effects and toxicity in vulnerable phases of growth and development. The paucity of biomarkers particularly in childhood impedes the appropriate clinical management and the development of new therapeutics. We analyzed markers of immune system (BAFF, RANTES), complement (Bb, C1q, C3d-CIC, C5a) and endothelial cell activation (sVCAM-1) in children with LN (n=22, mean age 14.

Clinical evaluation of the short-form pediatric enuresis module to assess quality of life.

Aims: The aim of this study was to determine the psychometric properties of the German version of the Pediatric Enuresis Module to assess Quality of Life, Short Form (PEMQOL-SF) in a sample of parents of children with urinary incontinence.

Methods: The parents of 88 children (63 male, 25 female, mean age: 9.3 [SD ± 2.

German version of the Pediatric Incontinence Questionnaire for urinary incontinence health related quality of life.

Purpose: We translated and cross-culturally adapted the English version of the Pediatric Incontinence Questionnaire, and tested the reliability and validity of the German version.

Materials And Methods: This cross-sectional study was done at 3 tertiary referral centers for childhood urinary incontinence. The self-reported and proxy English version was translated and cross-culturally adapted.