Treatment of cluster headache attacks with less than 6 mg subcutaneous sumatriptan.

Background: Subcutaneous (SQ) sumatriptan 6 mg is effective in the treatment of acute cluster headache attacks. However, patients sometimes benefit from a dose less than 6 mg.

Objective: Therefore, we designed a prospective open study to evaluate how many patients benefit from a dose less than 6 mg SQ sumatriptan.

Senescent BALB/c mice are able to develop resistance to Leishmania major infection.

Aging has been associated with a decline in immunocompetence and resistance to infections, partially due to dysregulated NO production by macrophages and deficits in mounting Th2 cell responses. We wondered if these alterations would reverse the immune response in experimental leishmaniasis. Bone-marrow-derived macrophages from 2- and 18-month-old (senescent) C57BL/6 or BALB/c mice showed no marked difference in leishmanicidal functions.

Monocyte and macrophage functions in M-CSF-deficient op/op mice during experimental leishmaniasis.

Mice with a naturally occurring Csfm(op)/Csfm(op) (op/op) gene mutation lack functional macrophage-colony stimulating factor (M-CSF) and are deficient of M-CSF-derived macrophages. They are severely monocytopenic, and their remaining M-CSF-independent macrophages were shown to differ in differentiation and distinct functions when compared with phenotypically normal mice of the same background. It is not known if osteopetrosis mice (op/op mice) are able to mount a specific immune response against intracellular pathogens, as this would require complex effector functions by macrophages.