Analysis of the humoral immune response against the envelope glycoprotein Gc of Schmallenberg virus reveals a domain located at the amino terminus targeted by mAbs with neutralizing activity.

Orthobunyaviruses are enveloped viruses that are arthropod-transmitted and cause disease in humans and livestock. Viral attachment and entry are mediated by the envelope glycoproteins Gn and Gc, and the major glycoprotein, Gc, of certain orthobunyaviruses is targeted by neutralizing antibodies. The domains in which the epitopes of such antibodies are located on the glycoproteins of the animal orthobunyavirus Schmallenberg virus (SBV) have not been identified.

A novel panel of monoclonal antibodies against Schmallenberg virus nucleoprotein and glycoprotein Gc allows specific orthobunyavirus detection and reveals antigenic differences.

A panel of monoclonal antibodies (mAbs) specific for the nucleocapsid (N) protein or the glycoprotein Gc of Schmallenberg virus (SBV), a novel member of the Simbu serogroup (genus Orthobunyavirus, family Bunyaviridae), was produced and used to analyze antigenic differences among members of this serogroup. Reactivity with various SBV-isolates and other Simbu serogroup viruses was assessed by an indirect immunofluorescence test and by immunoblotting. The Gc-specific mAbs detected different SBV isolates as well as two closely related members of the Simbu serogroup.

Comparison of five diagnostic methods for detecting bovine viral diarrhea virus infection in calves.

Five diagnostic techniques performed on skin biopsies (shoulder region) and/or serum were compared for detection of bovine viral diarrhea virus infection in 224 calves 0-3 months of age, 23 calves older than 3 months but younger than 7 months, and 11 cattle older than 7 months. The diagnostic methods used were immunohistochemistry (IHC), 2 commercial antigen ELISAs, 1 commercial antibody ELISA, and real-time RT-PCR. Results of 249 out of 258 skin and serum samples were identical and correlated within the 3 antigen detection methods and the real-time RT-PCR used.

[BVD diagnosis: an overview].

The first step and a crucial condition for the success of a control or eradication program for BVD (bovine viral diarrhea) is the identification and elimination of animals persistently infected with the virus. For this, besides detailed knowledge of the epidemiology, efficient diagnostic tests are necessary. This review summarizes the presently available diagnostic tests for detection of antibodies against the virus or for detection of viral components.

[Comparative studies with three different bovine blood sample BHV-1 ELISA tests: indirect ELISA and bG-blocking-ELISA].

A total of 2754 bovine blood samples were examined for BHV1 antibodies in three different BHV-1 ELISA tests. The tests used were the CHEKIT Trachitest 2nd. Gen.