Content and effects of balance training in people with diabetic peripheral neuropathy - a systematic review and meta-analysis.

Background: Diabetic Peripheral Neuropathy (DPN) impairs balance due to sensory loss, proprioceptive deficits, muscle weakness, altered gait, and delayed reflexes. Targeted aerobic and balance training seem promising to mitigate these issues. However, the exact content of a recommended training regime is yet to be determined.

Assessment of neuropathy subtypes in type 1 diabetes.

Introduction: Diabetic polyneuropathy (DPN), a common complication of diabetes, can manifest as small, large, or mixed fiber neuropathy (SFN, LFN, and MFN, respectively), depending on the type of fibers involved. Despite evidence indicating small fiber involvement prior to large fiber involvement in type 1 diabetes mellitus (T1DM)-associated DPN, no evidence has been produced to determine the more prevalent subtype. We aim to determine the more prevalent type of nerve fiber damage-SFN, LFN, and MFN-in T1DM-associated DPN, both with and without pain.

Repeatability of [O]HO PET imaging for lower extremity skeletal muscle perfusion: a test-retest study.

Background: [O]HO PET/CT allows noninvasive quantification of tissue perfusion and can potentially play a future role in the diagnosis and treatment of peripheral artery disease. We aimed to evaluate the reliability of dynamic [O]HO PET imaging for measuring lower extremity skeletal muscle perfusion. Ten healthy participants underwent same-day test-retest study with six dynamic [O]HO PET scans of lower legs and feet.

Structural Changes of Cutaneous Immune Cells in Patients With Type 1 Diabetes and Their Relationship With Diabetic Polyneuropathy.

Background And Objectives: Diabetic polyneuropathy (DPN) is a complication of diabetes characterized by pain or lack of peripheral sensation, but the underlying mechanisms are not yet fully understood. Recent evidence showed increased cutaneous macrophage infiltration in patients with type 2 diabetes and painful DPN, and this study aimed to understand whether the same applies to type 1 diabetes.

Methods: The study included 104 participants: 26 healthy controls and 78 participants with type 1 diabetes (participants without DPN [n = 24], participants with painless DPN [n = 29], and participants with painful DPN [n = 25]).

Arterial stiffness and progression of cerebral white matter hyperintensities in patients with type 2 diabetes and matched controls: a 5-year cohort study.

Background: Stroke is a serious complication in patients with type 2 diabetes (T2DM). Arterial stiffness may improve stroke prediction. We investigated the association between carotid-femoral pulse wave velocity [PWV] and the progression of cerebral white matter hyperintensities (WMH), a marker of stroke risk, in patients with T2DM and controls.

Escitalopram Ameliorates Hypercortisolemia and Insulin Resistance in Low Birth Weight Men With Limbic Brain Alterations.

Context: Low birth weight (LBW; <2500 g) is linked to the development of insulin resistance and limbic-hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal (LHPA) axis hyperactivity.

Objective: Our first aim was to study insulin action, LHPA axis function, and limbic brain structures in young, healthy LBW men vs normal birthweight (NBW) controls (part 1). Our second aim was to investigate the effects of escitalopram vs placebo in LBW men in the LHPA axis and insulin sensitivity (part 2).

Treatment with an SSRI antidepressant restores hippocampo-hypothalamic corticosteroid feedback and reverses insulin resistance in low-birth-weight rats.

Low birth weight (LBW) is associated with type 2 diabetes and depression, which may be related to prenatal stress and insulin resistance as a result of chronic hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal (HPA) axis hyperactivity. We examined whether treatment with a selective serotonin reuptake inhibitor [escitalopram (ESC)] could downregulate HPA axis activity and restore insulin sensitivity in LBW rats. After 4-5 wk of treatment, ESC-exposed LBW (SSRI-LBW) and saline-treated control and LBW rats (Cx and LBW) underwent an oral glucose tolerance test or a hyperinsulinemic euglycemic clamp to assess whole body insulin sensitivity.