Peripheral nerve blocks for closed reduction of distal radius fractures-A systematic review with meta-analysis and trial sequential analysis.

Background: Peripheral nerve blocks may provide better conditions for closed reduction of distal radius fractures as compared to other more frequently used modalities. In this systematic review, we evaluate existing evidence on the effect and harm of peripheral nerve blocks for closed reduction of distal radius fractures in adults.

Methods: We performed a systematic review with meta-analysis and trial sequential analysis including trials investigating the use of peripheral nerve blocks for closed reduction of distal radius fractures.

Mixing short- and long-acting local anaesthetics in peripheral nerve blocks: Protocol for a systematic review and meta-analysis.

Introduction: This protocol describes a systematic review and meta-analysis to evaluate the clinical effects of mixing short- and long-acting local anaesthetics in peripheral nerve blocks. Clinicians often combine short- and long-acting local anaesthetics to achieve a briefer onset time. However, this may come with a prize, namely a shorter total duration of the block, which is of clinical importance.

Cutaneous sensory block area of the ultrasound-guided subcostal transversus abdominis plane block: an observational study.

Background And Objectives: The transversus abdominis plane block (TAP) can be applied using different approaches, resulting in varying cutaneous analgesic distributions. This study aimed to assess the cutaneous sensory block area (CSBA) after ultrasound-guided TAP (US-TAP) using the subcostal approach.

Methods: Thirty patients undergoing elective laparoscopic cholecystectomy received a subcostal US-TAP with 20 mL 2.

Single injection combined suprascapular and axillary nerve block: A randomised controlled non-inferiority trial in healthy volunteers.

Background: A shoulder block without lung affection is desirable. In this study, we compared a low versus a high volume of a modified supraclavicular brachial plexus block. We hypothesised that a low volume of local anaesthetic would provide non-inferior block success rate with better preserved lung function.

Ultrasound-guided peripheral nerve blocks for preoperative pain management in hip fractures: a systematic review.

Systematic reviews associate peripheral nerve blocks based on anatomic landmarks or nerve stimulation with reduced pain and need for systemic analgesia in hip fracture patients. We aimed to investigate the effect of ultrasound-guided nerve blocks compared to conventional analgesia for preoperative pain management in hip fractures. Five databases were searched until June 2021 to identify randomised controlled trials.

Low volume proximal suprascapular nerve block after arthroscopic shoulder surgery - A randomised, controlled trial.

Background: A proximal suprascapular nerve block has been suggested as an alternative to an interscalene brachial plexus block after arthroscopic shoulder surgery. The aim of this randomised controlled trial was to compare the analgesic and opioid-sparing effect of a low volume proximal suprascapular nerve block with placebo in patients with moderate-to-severe pain after arthroscopic shoulder surgery.

Methods: Patients with a VAS score equal to or above 50 during the first postoperative hour after planned arthroscopic shoulder surgery were included in the study.

Programmed, intermittent boluses versus continuous infusion to the sciatic nerve - a non-inferiority randomized, controlled trial.

Background: Trials comparing programmed, intermittent boluses (PIB) and continuous infusion in catheter-based nerve blocks found no analgesic differences. However, as these trials used equal doses of local anesthetic (LA), the time of action of each bolus was not accounted for. Therefore, the dose-sparing benefits of PIB may have been overlooked.

Intraindividual variation of the transversus abdominis plane block: an exploratory study in healthy volunteers.

Introduction: The transversus abdominis plane block is widely used in postoperative pain management after abdominal surgery. However, large interindividual variation in the cutaneous distribution area of the block has been demonstrated. The purpose of the present study was to explore the reproducibility of the block by determining the intraindividual variation when repeating the block on two separate days.

A randomized controlled trial evaluating the impact of selective axillary nerve block after arthroscopic subacromial decompression.

Background: The sensory innervation of the shoulder is complex and there are variations in the branching patterns of the sensory fibres. Articular branches from the axillary nerve to the subacromial bursa are described in more than 50% of investigated shoulders but the isolated contribution of sensory input from the axillary nerve has never been investigated clinically. We hypothesized that a selective block of the axillary nerve would reduce morphine consumption and pain after arthroscopic subacromial decompression.

Longitudinal neural exposure to local anesthetic and nerve block duration: a retrospective analysis of experimental data from healthy volunteer trials.

Background And Objectives: Characteristics of a nerve block depend on the distribution of local anesthetic (LA) close to the nerve. The relationship between longitudinal distribution of LA and nerve block characteristics has not been investigated , but one study showed decrements in action potential amplitudes with increasing exposure length. We describe the influence of longitudinal neural exposure to LA on nerve block duration adjusted for other likely influential factors.

Push-pull thiophene chromophores for electro-optic applications: from 1D linear to β-branched structures.

We report the synthesis and characterization of a novel series of push-pull chromophores bearing 1D linear and β-branched thiophenes as π-conjugated spacers between a 2,2,4,7-tetramethyl-1,2,3,4-tetrahydroquinoline electron donor unit and dicyano- and tricyanovinylene electron acceptor groups. The effect of the introduction of β-thiophenes on the linear and nonlinear (NLO) optical properties as well as electrochemical and thermal data is studied in detail by performing a comparative study between the branched and 1D linear systems. In addition, a parallel DFT computational study is used to evaluate structure-property relationships.

The effect of ropivacaine concentration on common peroneal nerve block duration using a fixed dose: A randomised, double-blind trial in healthy volunteers.

Background: The effect of local anaesthetic concentration on peripheral nerve block duration is unclear. Recent clinical trials found nerve blocks of equivalent duration despite changing local anaesthetic concentration but with a fixed local anaesthetic dose. A criticism of these studies is that the local anaesthetic doses used were above the proposed local anaesthetic dose-duration ceiling level, masking any potential effect of different local anaesthetic concentrations on nerve block duration.

Intra- and inter-Individual variability in nerve block duration: A randomized cross-over trial in the common peroneal nerve of healthy volunteers.

Background: The reported variation in nerve block duration is considerable. To individualize nerve block therapy, knowledge of the intra- vs inter-individual variability is essential. We investigated the relative contribution of these 2 parameters to the overall nerve block duration variability.

Volume of ropivacaine 0.2% and sciatic nerve block duration: A randomized, blinded trial in healthy volunteers.

Background: Sciatic nerve blocks are used for many orthopaedic procedures on the knee, lower leg, foot and ankle. However, as nerve block durations vary considerably, the timing of supplemental analgesia is challenging. Therefore, knowledge on the effect of local anaesthetic (LA) dose on block duration is important to outweigh the benefits of increasing LA dose against the risk of LA systemic toxicity.

Adductor canal block with a suture-method catheter - A parallel or perpendicular approach?

Background: We performed a randomised blinded pilot study in 16 healthy volunteers to assess whether placing a suture-method catheter in the adductor canal is feasible with two different insertion techniques.

Methods: Each volunteer had a suture-method catheter placed approximately halfway between the superior anterior iliac spine and base of the patella in both legs. Catheters were placed using a parallel technique in one leg and a perpendicular technique in the other leg, according to randomisation.

Ultrasound guided repositioning of a new suture-method catheter for adductor canal block - a randomized pilot study in healthy volunteers.

Background: We performed a randomized, blinded pilot study in 12 volunteers to assess the feasibility to reposition an intentionally displaced suture-method catheter for two different insertion techniques for adductor canal block.

Methods: Each volunteer had an ultrasound-guided suture-method catheter placed in the adductor canal (AC) in both legs. The catheters were placed using a perpendicular technique in one leg and a parallel technique in the other leg, according to randomization.

An Mouse Model to Investigate the Effect of Local Anesthetic Nanomedicines on Axonal Conduction and Excitability.

Peripheral nerve blocks (PNBs) using local anesthetic (LA) are superior to systemic analgesia for management of post-operative pain. An insufficiently short PNB duration following single-shot LA can be optimized by development of extended release formulations among which liposomes have been shown to be the least toxic. rodent models for PNB have focused primarily on assessing behavioral responses following LA.

Local Anesthetic Injection Speed and Common Peroneal Nerve Block Duration: A Randomized Controlled Trial in Healthy Volunteers.

Background And Objectives: The speed of local anesthetic (LA) injections in peripheral regional anesthesia ranges from slow continuous infusions (3-12 mL/h) to rapid manual injections (>7500 mL/h). Optimizing injection speed could augment the spread of LA toward the targeted nerves and influence nerve block characteristics. The objective of this study was to investigate whether injection speed of a single dose of LA affects peripheral nerve block duration.

"Eyeball test" of thermographic patterns for predicting a successful lateral infraclavicular block.

Purpose: Increased distal skin temperature can be used to predict the success of lateral infraclavicular (LIC) block. We hypothesized that an "eyeball test" of specific infrared thermographic patterns after LIC block could be used to determine block success.

Methods: In this observational study, five observers trained in four distinct thermographic patterns independently evaluated thermographic images of the hands of 40 patients at baseline and at one-minute intervals for 30 min after a LIC block.

Cutaneous Sensory Block Area, Muscle-Relaxing Effect, and Block Duration of the Transversus Abdominis Plane Block: A Randomized, Blinded, and Placebo-Controlled Study in Healthy Volunteers.

Background And Objectives: The transversus abdominis plane (TAP) block is a widely used nerve block. However, basic block characteristics are poorly described. The purpose of this study was to assess the cutaneous sensory block area, muscle-relaxing effect, and block duration.