Subjective cognitive decline and cognitive change among diverse middle-aged and older Hispanic/Latino adults: Results from the Study of Latinos-Investigation of Neurocognitive Aging (SOL-INCA).

Introduction: The potential utility of subjective cognitive decline (SCD) as an early risk marker of Alzheimer's disease and related dementias is under consideration. We examined associations between SCD and cognitive change among middle-aged and older Hispanic/Latino adults living in the United States.

Methods: The short-form Everyday Cognition Scale (ECog-12) was assessed to generate global, executive function, and memory-related SCD scores.

Associations of Allostatic Load with Level of and Change in Cognitive Function Among Middle-Aged and Older Hispanic/Latino Adults: The Study of Latinos-Investigation of Neurocognitive Aging (SOL-INCA).

Background: Higher allostatic load (AL), a multi-system measure of physiological dysregulation considered a proxy for chronic stress exposure, is associated with poorer global cognition (GC) in older non-Hispanic white adults. However, evidence of these associations in middle-aged and older US-based Hispanic/Latino adults is limited.

Objective: To examine associations of AL with level of cognition, performance in cognition 7 years later, and change in cognition over 7 years among middle-aged and older US-based Hispanic/Latino adults.

Post-disclosure distress among racial and ethnic groups in a preclinical AD trial.

Introduction: Trialists need a thorough understanding of whether reactions to Alzheimer's disease (AD) biomarker information differ among racial and ethnic groups in preclinical AD trials.

Methods: We used data from the Anti-Amyloid Treatment in Asymptomatic Alzheimer's Disease Study to analyze cognitively unimpaired participants' responses on the Impact of Event Scale (IES) 24 to 72 hours after amyloid disclosure. We fit a linear regression model to test whether mean IES scores differed among participants from specific racial and ethnic groups.

Strategies Associated with Retaining Participants in the Longitudinal National Alzheimer's Coordinating Center Uniform Data Set Study.

Background: Best approaches for retaining research participants in Alzheimer's disease cohort studies are understudied.

Objective: Using data from the National Alzheimer's Coordinating Center Uniform Data Set, we evaluated the associations of unique strategies with participant retention across Alzheimer's Disease Research Centers and explored potential effect modification by race, ethnicity and diagnostic group.

Methods: We examined retention at the first follow-up visit among participants enrolled during 2015-2017.

Periodontal Disease and Incident CKD in US Hispanics/Latinos: The Hispanic Community Health Study/Study of Latinos.

Rationale & Objective: Recent studies suggest that periodontal disease may be associated with incident chronic kidney disease (CKD). However, studies have focused on older populations, and US Hispanics/Latinos were not well represented.

Study Design: Observational cohort.

Education and Message Framing Increase Willingness to Undergo Research Lumbar Puncture: A Randomized Controlled Trial.

Reluctance to undergo lumbar puncture (LP) is a barrier to neurological disease biomarker research. We assessed whether an educational intervention increased willingness to consider research LP and whether message framing modified intervention effectiveness. We randomly assigned 851 recruitment registry enrollees who had previously indicated they were unwilling to be contacted about studies requiring LP to gain or loss framed video educational interventions describing the procedure and the probability of experiencing adverse events.

Sugar-sweetened beverage consumption and caries experience: An examination of children and adults in the United States, National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey 2011-2014.

Background: The authors' aim was to examine the association between sugar-sweetened beverage (SSB) consumption and the prevalence and severity of the caries experience in children and adults in the United States.

Methods: The authors analyzed data obtained from 14,192 people aged 2 through 74 years, who participated in the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey from 2011 through 2014. Using descriptive analyses, the authors assessed the distributions of sociodemographic characteristics overall and via SSB intake.

Racial and ethnic differences in older adults' willingness to be contacted about Alzheimer's disease research participation.

Introduction: We sought to examine the association of race/ethnicity with willingness to engage in studies that involve procedures typical of Alzheimer's disease (AD) clinical trials and determine whether any observed differences could be explained by research attitudes.

Methods: We studied 2749 adults aged ≥50 years who enrolled in a community-based recruitment registry.

Results: Compared to non-Hispanic (NH) whites (n = 2393, 87%), Hispanics (n = 191, 7%), NH Asians (n = 129, 5%) and NH blacks (n = 36, 1%) were 44%, 46%, and 64% less willing, respectively, to be contacted for studies that have requirements typical of AD prevention trials, namely: cognitive testing, brain imaging, blood draws, and investigational medications.

Direct Mail Recruitment to a Potential Participant Registry.

Recruitment registries are novel tools to accelerate Alzheimer disease research accrual. Optimal methods to populate such registries remain largely unstudied. We sent postcards with 3 unique taglines (Alzheimer's Prevention Research, brain health research, general research) to 100,000 local residents aged 50 years and older to assess the effectiveness of recruiting to an online recruitment registry by mail.

Longitudinal Study Comparing Pulpectomy and Pulpotomy Treatments for Primary Molars of Alaska Native Children.

The purpose of this study was to determine which pulp treatment technique, performed at the Alaska Native Medical Center, is most successful by comparing failure rates of primary molars treated with ferric sulfate (FS) pulpotomy, sodium hypochlorite (SH) pulpotomy or pulpectomy between January 2005 and January 2016. All data were abstracted from the dental records of Alaska Native children aged 2-13 years, retrospectively. Clinical and radiographic failures up to five years after treatment were assessed.

Socioeconomic Adversity, Social Resources, and Allostatic Load Among Hispanic/Latino Youth: The Study of Latino Youth.

Objective: We examined associations among socioeconomic adversity, social resources, and allostatic load in Hispanic/Latino youth, who are at high risk for obesity and related cardiometabolic risks.

Methods: Participants were 1343 Hispanic/Latino youth (51% male; ages 8-16 years) offspring of Hispanic Community Health Study/Study of Latinos participants. Between 2012 and 2014, youth underwent a fasting blood draw and anthropometric assessment, and youth and their enrolled caregivers provided social and demographic information.

Risk Factors for Mortality and Cardiopulmonary Hospitalization in Systemic Sclerosis Patients At Risk for Pulmonary Hypertension, in the PHAROS Registry.

Objective: We sought to identify predictors of mortality and cardiopulmonary hospitalizations in patients at risk for pulmonary hypertension (PH) and enrolled in PHAROS, a prospective cohort study to investigate the natural history of PH in systemic sclerosis (SSc).

Methods: The at-risk population for PH was defined by the following entry criteria: echocardiogram systolic pulmonary arterial pressure > 40 mmHg, or DLCO < 55% predicted or ratio of % forced vital capacity/%DLCO > 1.6, measured by pulmonary function testing.

Better-quality diet is associated with lower odds of severe periodontitis in US Hispanics/Latinos.

Aim: We investigated the cross-sectional association between diet quality and severe periodontitis in a sample of diverse Hispanics from the Hispanic Community Health Study/Study of Latinos.

Materials And Methods: A total of 13,920 Hispanic/Latinos aged 18-74 years of different heritages underwent a full-mouth oral examination and completed two 24-hr dietary recalls during 2008-2011. Severe periodontitis was defined as having ≥30% tooth sites with clinical attachment loss ≥5 mm.

The association of periodontal disease and cardiovascular disease risk: Results from the Hispanic Community Health Study/Study of Latinos.

Background: Current evidence suggests that periodontal disease (PD) is associated with a significant increased risk of atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease (CVD) independent of known confounders. PD is a chronic oral disease with significant variation in prevalence demonstrated among Hispanic/Latino subgroups. The purpose of this study was to investigate the associations between PD and CVD risk and variations with sex, age, and Hispanic/Latino background.

Cultural factors and oral health-related quality of life among dentate adults: Hispanic community health study/study of Latinos.

Research on the relationships between acculturation, ethnic identity, and oral health-related quality of life (OHRQOL) among the U.S. Hispanic/Latino population is sparse.

Unfair Treatment and Periodontitis Among Adults in the Hispanic Community Health Study/Study of Latinos (HCHS/SOL).

This study investigates how perceived unfair treatment, towards self and observed towards others due to ethnicity, is associated with periodontitis among diverse Hispanic/Latino adults, accounting for sociodemographic, health behavior, and acculturation factors. Baseline (2008-2011) dental and survey data from the Hispanic Community Health Study/Study of Latinos (HCHS/SOL), a multicenter epidemiologic study, were analyzed (N = 12,750). Crude and adjusted prevalence ratios and confidence limits were estimated.

Chronic Periodontal Disease, Periodontal Pathogen Colonization, and Increased Risk of Precancerous Gastric Lesions.

Background: This study assesses the association between periodontal pathogen colonization and the potential risk of developing precancerous lesions of gastric cancer (PLGC) in a clinical setting.

Methods: Included were 35 newly diagnosed patients with PLGC and 70 age-matched individuals without PLGC. A full-mouth intraoral examination was performed to assess periodontal conditions.

The Association of Parental/Caregiver Chronic Stress with Youth Obesity: Findings from the Study of Latino Youth and the Hispanic Community Health Study/Study of Latinos Sociocultural Ancillary Study.

Background: Prior studies indicate that chronic stress is associated with obesity in adults. However, whether parental/caregiver stress is associated with obesity in their offspring has not been widely examined in Hispanic/Latino populations. In this study, we evaluated the role of caregiver chronic stress on child obesity and whether home food environment or child lifestyle behaviors explained the association.

History of Periodontitis Diagnosis and Edentulism as Predictors of Cardiovascular Disease, Stroke, and Mortality in Postmenopausal Women.

Background: Few studies have reported associations between periodontitis and cardiovascular disease (CVD) risk in older women, which is the objective of the present investigation.

Methods And Results: Participants were 57 001 postmenopausal women ages 55 to 89 years (mean 68 years; >85% 60 and older) who were enrolled (1993-1998) in the Women's Health Initiative Observational Study, and were without known CVD when history of periodontitis and edentulism was assessed by questionnaire at study Year-5 (1998-2003). There were 3589 incident CVD events and 3816 total deaths during a mean follow-up of 6.

Environmental tobacco smoke exposure and periodontitis prevalence among nonsmokers in the hispanic community Health Study/Study of Latinos.

Objective: To describe self-reported exposure to environmental tobacco smoke (ETS) and its association with periodontitis prevalence in a diverse group of Hispanics/Latinos.

Methods: Data came from 8675 lifetime nonsmokers in the 2008-2011 Hispanic Community Health Study/Study of Latinos. Exposure to ETS was self-reported, while periodontitis was defined using the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention-American Academy of Periodontology criteria and the proportion of sites affected by clinical attachment level of ≥3 mm or pocket depth of ≥4 mm.

Nativity differences in allostatic load by age, sex, and Hispanic background from the Hispanic Community Health Study/Study of Latinos.

Allostatic load (AL), an index of biological "wear and tear" on the body from cumulative exposure to stress, has been little studied in US Hispanics/Latinos. We investigated AL accumulation patterns by age, sex, and nativity in the Hispanic Community Health Study/Study of Latinos. We studied 15,830 Hispanic/Latinos of Mexican, Cuban, Dominican, Puerto Rican, Central and South American descent aged 18-74 years, 77% of whom were foreign-born.

Association of diabetes with tooth loss in Hispanic/Latino adults: findings from the Hispanic Community Health Study/Study of Latinos.

Objectives: To investigate the association between diabetes mellitus and missing teeth in Hispanic/Latino adults from diverse heritage groups who reside in the USA.

Research Design And Methods: The Hispanic Community Health Study/Study of Latinos (HCHS/SOL) is a multicenter, population-based study of 18-74 years old who underwent a physical and oral examination (n=15 945). Glycemic status was categorized as diabetes, impaired, or normal, based on medication use, and American Diabetes Association criteria for fasting glucose and glycosylated hemoglobin (HbA1c).

Genome-wide association study of dental caries in the Hispanic Communities Health Study/Study of Latinos (HCHS/SOL).

Dental caries is the most common chronic disease worldwide, and exhibits profound disparities in the USA with racial and ethnic minorities experiencing disproportionate disease burden. Though heritable, the specific genes influencing risk of dental caries remain largely unknown. Therefore, we performed genome-wide association scans (GWASs) for dental caries in a population-based cohort of 12 000 Hispanic/Latino participants aged 18-74 years from the HCHS/SOL.