Examining the endpoint impacts, challenges, and opportunities of fly ash utilization for sustainable concrete construction.

Fly ash has been widely used as a cement substitute to improve the sustainability of concrete. Although the advantages of fly ash have been extensively documented, there is a gap in understanding why its use in mass concrete applications remains low in some countries, such as the Philippines. Thus, this work aims to understand the issues that impede waste utilization, particularly fly ash in the concrete construction industry, quantify the impact of the current practice, and identify opportunities for sustainable fly ash utilization.

Comparative environmental assessment of low and high CaO fly ash in mass concrete mixtures for enhanced sustainability: Impact of fly ash type and transportation.

The effect of fly ash type on the sustainability of concrete mixtures has yet to be quantified. This study aims to assess the environmental impacts of low calcium oxide (CaO) and high CaO fly ash in mass concrete mixtures from Thailand. The study analyzed 27 concrete mixtures with varying percentages of fly ash as a cement replacement (0%, 25%, and 50%) for 30 MPa, 35 MPa, and 40 MPa compressive strengths at specified design ages of 28 and 56 days.