Treatment effect modifiers in hospitalised patients with COVID-19 receiving remdesivir and dexamethasone.

Background: The combined effectiveness of remdesivir and dexamethasone in subgroups of hospitalised patients with COVID-19 is poorly investigated.

Methods: In this nationwide retrospective cohort study, we included 3826 patients with COVID-19 hospitalised between February 2020 and April 2021. The primary outcomes were use of invasive mechanical ventilation and 30-day mortality, comparing a cohort treated with remdesivir and dexamethasone with a previous cohort treated without remdesivir and dexamethasone.

Hospitalization for chronic obstructive pulmonary disease and pneumonia: association with the dose of inhaled corticosteroids. A nation-wide cohort study of 52 100 outpatients.

Objectives: International guidelines only advocate the use of inhaled corticosteroids (ICSs) in patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) experiencing recurring exacerbations and eosinophilic inflammation. However, ICSs are commonly used in patients with COPD and without exacerbations and signs of eosinophilic inflammation, thus possibly increasing the risk of hospitalization for pneumonia. Thus, we aimed to determine the risk of hospitalization for pneumonia associated with increasing cumulated ICS doses among patients with COPD to establish whether there is dose dependency.

Bacterial Patterns and Empiric Antibiotic Use in COPD Patients With Community-Acquired Pneumonia.

Introduction: Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) is strongly associated with the development of community-acquired pneumonia (CAP). Limited data are available on risk factors for difficult to manage bacteria such as Pseudomonas aeruginosa in COPD patients with CAP. Our objective was to assess the microbiological patterns associated with risk factors that determine empiric antibiotic therapy in hospitalized COPD patients with CAP.

Improved Survival Among Hospitalized Patients With Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) Treated With Remdesivir and Dexamethasone. A Nationwide Population-Based Cohort Study.

Background: There are limited data on outcomes of moderate to severe coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) among patients treated with remdesivir and dexamethasone in a real-world setting. We sought to compare the effectiveness of standard of care (SOC) alone versus SOC plus remdesivir and dexamethasone.

Methods: Two population-based nationwide cohorts of individuals hospitalized with COVID-19 during February through December 2020 were studied.

Hydroxychloroquine as a primary prophylactic agent against SARS-CoV-2 infection: A cohort study.

Objective: Hydroxychloroquine has been proposed as a primary prophylactic agent against coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19). This study aimed to investigate if patients treated with hydroxychloroquine for a non-COVID-19 indication had a lower risk of verified infection with severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus-2 (SARS-CoV-2) compared with matched controls.

Methods: A cohort comprising all persons in Denmark collecting hydroxychloroquine prescriptions in 2020 and 2019 (i.

Diagnosis and staging of lung cancer with the use of one single echoendoscope in both the trachea and the esophagus: A practical guide.

Accurate staging of non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) is crucial for allocation to surgical, medical or multimodal treatment. EUS and endobronchial ultrasound (EBUS) have gained ground in the diagnosis and staging of lung cancer in addition to radiological imaging (e.g.

Proactive prophylaxis with azithromycin and hydroxychloroquine in hospitalized patients with COVID-19 (ProPAC-COVID): a statistical analysis plan.

Background: There is an urgent need for treatments that can shorten hospitalization and lower the risk of secondary infection and death in patients with corona disease. The ProPac-COVID trial evaluates whether combination therapy with macrolide azithromycin and hydroxychloroquine via anti-inflammation/immune modulation, antiviral efficacy, and pre-emptive treatment of supra-infections can shorten hospitalization duration and reduce the risk of non-invasive ventilation, treatment in the intensive care unit, and death in patients with acute hospital admission and a positive test for 2019-nCoV and symptoms of COVID-19 disease.

Methods: The ProPAC-COVID is a multi-center, randomized, placebo-controlled, double-blinded clinical trial.

Transmission, start of symptom and morbidity among Danish COVID-19 patients admitted to hospital.

Introduction: We explored transmission of the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) in severely ill patients and analysed the relationship between co-morbidity and mortality or the need for intensive care unit (ICU) care.

Methods: Clinical data, treatment and outcome were analysed in this retrospective study of 101 consecutive patients with COVID-19 admitted to a regional Danish hospital from 2 March 2020, based on data from electronic medical records.

Results: The mean age was 71.

Pleural infection: a retrospective study of clinical outcome and the correlation to known etiology, co-morbidity and treatment factors.

Background: We explored the hypothesized importance of early knowledge of microbiological etiology in patients with pleural infection, including comorbidity and treatment factors in the outcome analyses.

Methods: Data from the medical records of a large cohort of 437 consecutive patients in 9 hospitals in East-Denmark were included retrospectively.

Results: Microbiology, co-morbidity, therapy and outcome are described in detail.

[Tuberculous coxitis in the hips 55 years after primary tuberculosis].

We describe a case concerning tuberculous coxitis 55 years after primary tuberculosis. A 76-year old man developed hip pain, weight loss and a gluteal tumor. After three months he was diagnosed with tuberculous coxitis by ultrasound assisted aspiration from the joint.

Outcome and clinical characteristics in pleural empyema: a retrospective study.

Background: Pleural empyema is a serious condition with a considerable mortality rate and morbidity. This study evaluated the correlations between several potential prognostic factors (age, predisposing diseases, early drainage, insufficient initial antimicrobial therapy, thoracic surgical treatment, intrapleural fibrinolysis, and nosocomial status) and outcome.

Methods: Danish patients with positive pleural cultures attending 3 hospitals over a 9-y period, were identified in the laboratory databases.

Bacteriological aetiology and antimicrobial treatment of pleural empyema.

Background: Our aims were to describe the aetiologies of culture-positive pleural infections and to evaluate the choice of empiric antimicrobial treatment regimens according to antimicrobial sensitivity, and to evaluate the possible influence of this on outcome.

Methods: All cases over a 9-y period were identified from 3 hospitals using the laboratory databases of the clinical microbiology departments, and were verified by evaluating the medical records.

Results: We identified 291 isolates in pleural fluid cultures from 158 patients.

[Sarcomatoid mesothelioma--a diagnostic challenge].

This is the case of a 62-year-old carpenter in whom a computed tomography showed a widespread "mesothelioma-like" tumour of the pleura. Needle biopsy and later autopsy showed malignant sarcomatoid tumour. The tumour stained negatively for calretinin and other "mesothelial markers".

[Interferon-gamma release assay on suspicion of active tuberculosis?].

Introduction: The purpose of this retrospective study was to outline the practical use and clinical value of the immunodiagnostic interferon-gamma release assay (IGRA) on suspicion of active Mycobacterium tuberculosis (TB) infection.

Material And Methods: A retrospective study of all patients (n=91) tested with IGRA (Quantiferon-TB-Gold, Celletis International, Australia) for M. tuberculosis infection from 1 January 2005 to the 31 December 2006 at a Danish regional hospital.

Antibiotic treatment delay and outcome in acute bacterial meningitis.

Objectives: To identify to what degree in-hospital delay of antibiotic therapy correlated to outcome in community acquired bacterial meningitis.

Methods: All cases of culture-positive cerebrospinal fluids in east Denmark from 2002 to 2004 were included. Medical records were collected retrospectively with 98.

Adjunctive steroid treatment: local guidelines and patient outcome in adult bacterial meningitis.

Our objective was to evaluate local guidelines regarding early steroid treatment in adult community acquired bacterial meningitis, and assess the actual treatment given and its correlation to clinical outcome. Patient outcome was obtained retrospectively from the medical records of 210 adults admitted to 47 hospitals in Denmark during 2002-2004 (population 5.4 million) and was combined with results from a questionnaire regarding treatment guidelines in these hospitals.

[Bacterial meningitis in Denmark: treatment with dexamethasone and antibiotics].

Introduction: Early adjuvant dexamethasone treatment has been internationally recommended for adults with bacterial meningitis (BM) since 2002. We explored the local recommendations in Denmark concerning treatment with dexamethasone and antibiotics for BM.

Materials And Methods: A questionnaire was sent to all Danish departments of infectious diseases, paediatrics and internal medicine (n = 92) concerning their local treatment recommendations for BM in the period 2002-2004.

[Bacterial meningitis in Denmark 2002-2003. A nation-wide laboratory-based registration].

Unlabelled: Notification of bacterial meningitis (BM) is likely to be incomplete, and a recent Danish study indicated that unbalanced notification may bias expected aetiology of BM. Therefore the Danish Bacterial Meningitis Group initiated a national registration of culture-positive BM.

Methods: Laboratory data on all bacterial isolates from cerebrospinal fluid deemed to be clinically relevant were identified on a national basis during 2002 and 2003.

[Initial antibiotic therapy of purulent meningitis in adults. An investigation of practice patterns at Danish hospital department in 2000].

Introduction: A previous report demonstrated profound variation in the recommended empirical antibiotic therapy for adult purulent meningitis in Denmark. At present, the only existing "official" recommendation (from the Danish Medical Association) is penicillin monotherapy for all adults, irrespective of age, as the prevalence of penicillin-resistant pneumococci is less than 3%.

Material And Methods: A questionnaire concerning empirical antibiotic therapy and the treatment of specific microorganisms was sent to the 125 departments of internal medicine, infectious diseases, clinical microbiology, neurosurgery, otorhinolaryngology, and neurology in 2001.