Gentamicin serum concentration measurement in children.

Background: Gentamicin is often used to treat serious paediatric infections. It has been standard practice in Norway to measure the serum concentration of gentamicin immediately prior to the second or third dose (pre-dose [trough] concentration) to assess the risk of toxicity. The clinical significance of such measurements in children has not previously been evaluated in Norway.

[Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus in wound drainage in children].

Background: Skin and soft tissue infections are common in children. We wished to investigate the prevalence of methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) in wound drainage from children in Norway.

Material And Method: We conducted an observational study based on data from the Norwegian Surveillance System for Antimicrobial Drug Resistance (NORM) for the period 2013-21.

Antibiotic use in children before, during and after hospitalisation.

Purpose: To investigate ambulatory antibiotic use in children during 1 year before and 1 year after in-hospital antibiotic exposure compared to children from the general population that had not received antibiotics in-hospital.

Methods: Explorative data-linkage cohort study from Norway of children aged 3 months to 17 years. One group had received antibiotics in-Hospital (H+), and one group had not received antibiotics in-hospital (H-).

Corrigendum: Can We Optimize Antibiotic Use in Norwegian Neonates? A Prospective Comparison Between a University Hospital and a District Hospital.

[This corrects the article DOI: 10.3389/fped.2019.

Are infants exposed to antimicrobials during the first 3 months of life at increased risk of recurrent use? An explorative data-linkage study.

Objectives: To investigate whether infants exposed to antimicrobials in hospital during the first 3 months of life had an increased risk of ambulatory antimicrobial use during the following year compared with infants not exposed to antimicrobials during the first 3 months of life.

Methods: Norwegian cohort study of infants less than 3 months consisting of one group exposed to antimicrobials recruited during hospitalization and one group not exposed to antimicrobials. Ten unexposed infants were matched with one exposed infant according to county of residence, birth year and month, and sex.

Antibiotic resistance in paediatric UTIs in Norway.

Background: Urinary tract infections are common in children. The purpose of this study was to describe national resistance data from urinary isolates from children with a view to informing antibiotic use.

Method: We conducted an observational study based on culture responses with resistance determination in urine from the Norwegian Surveillance System for Antimicrobial Drug Resistance (NORM).

Half of all hospitalised children treated with antibiotics for pneumonia did not fulfil radiological, microbiological or laboratory criteria.

Aim: Evaluating the management of paediatric pneumonia is important. We aimed to estimate the proportion of children receiving antibiotics for suspected community-acquired pneumonia (CAP) that were likely to have a bacterial infection. Furthermore, we described antibiotic use in relation to guidelines.

Epidemiology and Antimicrobial Susceptibility of Invasive Bacterial Infections in Children-A Population-Based Study From Norway.

Objective: To describe epidemiology and antimicrobial susceptibility testing (AST) data of bacteria causing invasive infections in Norwegian children (0-18 years).

Methods: Population-based observational study using prospectively collected AST data from the Norwegian Surveillance System of Antimicrobial Resistance from 2013 to 2017. We included all clinically relevant bacterial isolates (blood and cerebrospinal fluid), and compared incidence of invasive infections and AST data in isolates from children and adults.

Can We Optimize Antibiotic Use in Norwegian Neonates? A Prospective Comparison Between a University Hospital and a District Hospital.

Worldwide, a large proportion of neonates are prescribed antibiotics without having infections leading to increased antimicrobial resistance, disturbance of the evolving microbiota, and increasing the risk of various chronical diseases. Comparing practice between different hospitals/settings is important in order to optimize antibiotic stewardship. To investigate and compare the potential for improved antibiotic stewardship in neonates in two Norwegian hospitals with different academic culture, with emphasis on antibiotic exposure in unconfirmed infections, treatment length/doses, CRP values and the use of broad-spectrum antibiotics (BSA).

Using a period incidence survey to compare antibiotic use in children between a university hospital and a district hospital in a country with low antimicrobial resistance: a prospective observational study.

Objectives: To describe and compare antibiotic use in relation to indications, doses, adherence rate to guidelines and rates of broad-spectrum antibiotics (BSA) in two different paediatric departments with different academic cultures, and identify areas with room for improvement.

Design: Prospective observational survey of antibiotic use.

Setting: Paediatric departments in a university hospital (UH) and a district hospital (DH) in Norway, 2017.

Potential for More Rational Use of Antibiotics in Hospitalized Children in a Country With Low Resistance: Data From eight Point Prevalence Surveys.

Background: Antimicrobial resistance is low in Norway, but to prevent an increase, the Norwegian Government has launched a National Strategy including a 30% reduction of broad-spectrum antibiotics (BSA) in hospitals within 2020. BSA are defined as second- and third-generation cephalosporins, carbapenems, piperacillin/tazobactam and quinolones. There are no recent studies of antibiotic use in Norwegian hospitalized children.

A comparison between child psychiatric outpatients with AD/HD and anxiety/depression.

Background: Studies have shown that children with attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (AD/HD) have a lower quality of life (QoL), and lower school and psychosocial functioning than healthy children.

Aims: This is the first study to compare these domains and child competence between children with AD/HD- and anxiety/depression-related problems and healthy children using data from multiple informants.

Method: Children were matched by age and sex, resulting in two clinical groups consisting of 62 children with AD/HD-related problems, 49 children with anxiety/depression-related problems and a reference group of 65 healthy schoolchildren.