Upper respiratory tract bacterial-immune interactions during respiratory syncytial virus infection in infancy.

Background: The risk factors determining short- and long-term morbidity following acute respiratory infection (ARI) due to respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) in infancy remain poorly understood.

Objectives: Our aim was to examine the associations of the upper respiratory tract (URT) microbiome during RSV ARI in infancy with the acute local immune response and short- and long-term clinical outcomes.

Methods: We characterized the URT microbiome by 16S ribosomal RNA sequencing and assessed the acute local immune response by measuring 53 immune mediators with high-throughput immunoassays in 357 RSV-infected infants.

Evaluation of the upper airway microbiome and immune response with nasal epithelial lining fluid absorption and nasal washes.

Despite being commonly used to collect upper airway epithelial lining fluid, nasal washes are poorly reproducible, not suitable for serial sampling, and limited by a dilution effect. In contrast, nasal filters lack these limitations and are an attractive alternative. To examine whether nasal filters are superior to nasal washes as a sampling method for the characterization of the upper airway microbiome and immune response, we collected paired nasal filters and washes from a group of 40 healthy children and adults.

Exploring Implementation of m-Health Monitoring in Postpartum Women with Hypertension.

Background: Preeclampsia is a hypertensive disorder in pregnancy where a patients' blood pressure and warning signs of worsening disease need to be closely monitored during pregnancy and the postpartum period.

Introduction: No studies have examined remote patient monitoring using mobile health (m-health) technologies in obstetrical care for women with preeclampsia during the postpartum period. Remote monitoring and m-health technologies can expand healthcare coverage to the patient's home.

High-risk obstetrical call center: a model for regions with limited access to care.

Purpose: High-risk obstetrical care can be challenging for women in rural states with limited access.

Materials And Methods: Data were evaluated from 62,342 obstetrical calls from pregnant and postpartum patients within rural Arkansas to a nurse call center. Call center nurses provided triage using evidence-based guidelines to patients across the state.

Application of a Telecolposcopy Program in Rural Settings.

Background: Individuals in rural areas are often restricted by the amount of physicians' availability, thus limiting access to healthcare in those settings.

Introduction: While Pap smear screening has increased across the United States, the rural South still reports high rates of cervical cancer and mortality. One solution to improve patient outcomes related to cervical cancer in rural settings is telecolposcopy.

"The crowd is crazy, the crowd is a woman": the oligarchical-federal demophobia of the First Republic and the issue of transferring the capital.

This study examines the expressions of demophobia of the political class of the First Republic, faced with demonstrations against the government in Rio de Janeiro, and relates them to the need to move to the seat of the federal government inland. The demophobic literature produced by liberal Europeans against democratization in their countries pervaded the orientation of the Brazilian political class during the period. Committed to building an oligarchic federation, they saw the population of Rio de Janeiro as a threat.

Young African American perceptions of substance use in rural eastern Arkansas communities.

This study examined barriers to substance abuse treatment through focus group interviews of African American youth in three rural, eastern Arkansas counties in the Mississippi Delta region. Participants in the study included adolescents with a current or prior history of substance use, non-substance using adolescents acquainted with other substance users, and adolescents who initiated substance use during adolescence (N = 41). Grand tour and subsequent probe questions elicited multiple themes regarding rural adolescent substance use, treatment decisions, and preferences.

Physical victimization of rural methamphetamine and cocaine users.

Substance use and physical violence often coincide, but little has been published on the correlates associated with receipt of partner versus nonpartner physical violence for rural users of methamphetamine and/or cocaine. In this study, participants' substance use, depression and past-year physical victimization were assessed. In separate logistic regression models, received partner violence in females was associated with age; alcohol, cocaine, and methamphetamine abuse/dependence; and number of drugs used in the past 6 months.

Role of acetylcholine in negative patterning in turtles (Chrysemys picta).

Turtles were run on a negative patterning task involving 2 positive elements, a key with white stripes on a black background, and a solid red key, and a compound stimulus combining the 2 elements, white stripes on a red background. Injections of scopolamine, methylscopolamine, or saline were started at the same time that the compound stimulus was introduced, after the animals had been autoshaped to press the key for each of the elements. Scopolamine disrupted the learning of negative patterning, but methylscopolamine had no effect.

Restoration of immunity in lymphopenic individuals with cancer by vaccination and adoptive T-cell transfer.

Immunodeficiency is a barrier to successful vaccination in individuals with cancer and chronic infection. We performed a randomized phase 1/2 study in lymphopenic individuals after high-dose chemotherapy and autologous hematopoietic stem cell transplantation for myeloma. Combination immunotherapy consisting of a single early post-transplant infusion of in vivo vaccine-primed and ex vivo costimulated autologous T cells followed by post-transplant booster immunizations improved the severe immunodeficiency associated with high-dose chemotherapy and led to the induction of clinically relevant immunity in adults within a month after transplantation.