A methodological pipeline for the preclinical evaluation of novel topical agents for the treatment of CRS.

Novel topical therapeutics require extensive pre-clinical testing to assess efficacy and safety. Antibiofilm or immunosuppressant agents can utilize ex vivo models to measure ciliotoxicity. Agents that are found to be effective and non-toxic ex vivo warrant further investigation in vivo.

Polymyxin B and ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid act synergistically against and .

Polymyxin B and ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid are antimicrobials possessing antibiofilm activity. They act by displacement and chelation, respectively, of divalent cations in bacterial membranes and may therefore act synergistically when applied in combination. If so, this combination of agents may be useful for the treatment of diseases like cystic fibrosis (CF), in which biofilms are present on the respiratory epithelium.

In vitro Nasodine Can be an Effective Antibiofilm Agent for Biofilms that May Cause CRS.

Objectives: Bacterial biofilms on the sinonasal mucosa, especially biofilms of Staphylococcus aureus, are associated with greater severity and recalcitrance of chronic rhinosinusitis (CRS). There are few, if any, antibiofilm agents suitable for sinonasal application available for the management of this problem. Nasodine® Nasal Spray (Nasodine) is a 0.

Topical Antibiofilm Agents With Potential Utility in the Treatment of Chronic Rhinosinusitis: A Narrative Review.

The role of bacterial biofilms in chronic and recalcitrant diseases is widely appreciated, and the treatment of biofilm infection is an increasingly important area of research. Chronic rhinosinusitis (CRS) is a complex disease associated with sinonasal dysbiosis and the presence of bacterial biofilms. While most biofilm-related diseases are associated with highly persistent but relatively less severe inflammation, the presence of biofilms in CRS is associated with greater severity of inflammation and recalcitrance despite appropriate treatment.

Unilateral Intervention in the Sinuses of Rabbits Induces Bilateral Inflammatory and Microbial Changes.

Background: Chronic rhinosinusitis (CRS) is a globally prevalent inflammatory condition of the paranasal sinuses which severely impairs patients' quality of life. An animal model of unilateral sinusitis by transient sinus occlusion has been described previously in rabbits. The aim of this study was to characterise the sinusitis rabbit model by investigating temporal and bilateral changes in the bacterial community and mucosal inflammation.

Antibiotic Treatment for Chronic Rhinosinusitis: Prescription Patterns and Associations With Patient Outcome and the Sinus Microbiota.

Background: Chronic rhinosinusitis (CRS) is a common and debilitating inflammatory condition of the sinuses, afflicting 5% of the general population. Although antibiotics are frequently prescribed for the medical management of CRS, there is surprisingly little evidence to support their efficacy. In this study, we aimed to establish associations between medication usage, the sinus microbiota and patients' clinical outcomes.

A Novel Description of the Human Sinus Archaeome During Health and Chronic Rhinosinusitis.

Human microbiome studies remain focused on bacteria, as they comprise the dominant component of the microbiota. Recent advances in sequencing technology and optimization of amplicon sequencing protocols have allowed the description of other members of the microbiome, including eukaryotes (fungi) and, most recently, archaea. There are no known human-associated archaeal pathogens.

Enantiomeric Excess Sensitivity to Below One Percent by Using Femtosecond Photoelectron Circular Dichroism.

Photoelectron circular dichroism (PECD) is experimentally investigated with chiral specimens with varying amounts of enantiomeric excess (ee). As a prototype, we measure and analyze the photoelectron angular distribution from randomly oriented fenchone molecules in the gas phase that result from ionization with circularly polarized femtosecond laser pulses. The quantification of these measurements shows a linear dependence with respect to the ee values.

Photoelectron circular dichroism of bicyclic ketones from multiphoton ionization with femtosecond laser pulses.

Photoelectron circular dichroism (PECD) is a CD effect up to the ten-percent regime and shows contributions from higher-order Legendre polynomials when multiphoton ionization is compared to single-photon ionization. We give a full account of our experimental methodology for measuring the multiphoton PECD and derive quantitative measures that we apply on camphor, fenchone and norcamphor. Different modulations and amplitudes of the contributing Legendre polynomials are observed despite the similarity in chemical structure.

Tomographic reconstruction of designer free-electron wave packets.

We review the generation and tomographic reconstruction of designer electron wave packets, that is, electron wave packets with a tailored momentum distribution in the continuum. Generation is accomplished by means of multiphoton ionization of an atomic prototype using polarization-shaped femtosecond laser pulses. Both the electronic structure of the neutral and interference of matter wave packets in the continuum contribute to the final shape.

Circular dichroism in the photoelectron angular distributions of camphor and fenchone from multiphoton ionization with femtosecond laser pulses.

Shine a light: a circular dichroism effect in the ±10 % regime on randomly oriented chiral molecules in the gas phase is demonstrated. The signal is derived from images of photoelectron angular distributions produced by resonance-enhanced multiphoton ionization and allows the enantiomers to be distinguished. To date, this effect could only be generated with a synchrotron source.

Neurokinin-1 receptor antagonists inhibit the recruitment of opioid-containing leukocytes and impair peripheral antinociception.

Background: Neurokinins (e.g., substance P) contribute to pain transmission in the central nervous system, peripheral neurogenic inflammation, and leukocyte recruitment in inflammation.