Head and Neck Ultrasound - EFSUMB Training Recommendations for the Practice of Medical Ultrasound in Europe.

Different surgical and medical specialists increasingly use head and neck ultrasound and ultrasound-guided interventions as part of their clinical practice. We need to ensure high quality and standardized practice across specialties, and this position paper of the European Federation of Societies for Ultrasound in Medicine and Biology (EFSUMB) describes the training requirements for head and neck ultrasound. Traditionally, a minimum number of ultrasound examinations indicates competence, but this is unreliable, and a general shift towards competence-based training is ongoing.

Microbiota-based analysis reveals specific bacterial traits and a novel strategy for the diagnosis of infectious infertility.

Tubal factor infertility (TFI) accounts for more than 30% of the cases of female infertility and mostly resides from an inflammatory process triggered by an infection. Clinical appearances largely differ, and very often infections are not recognized or remain completely asymptomatic over time. Here, we characterized the microbial pattern in females diagnosed with infectious infertility (ININF) in comparison to females with non-infectious infertility (nININF), female sex workers (FSW) and healthy controls (fertile).

The Quality of Patient Information Booklets for Cancer Patients-an Evaluation of Free Accessible Material in German Language.

According to the information-seeking behaviors of patients, booklets which can be downloaded from the Internet for free are an important source of information notably for patients with cancer. This study investigated whether information booklets for patients with cancer available at German websites are in accordance with the formal and content criteria of evidence-based information. We compared and compiled both content and formal criteria by matching different national and international standards for written patient information using a merged instrument.

Spatial and Temporal Dynamics of Pacific Oyster Hemolymph Microbiota across Multiple Scales.

Unveiling the factors and processes that shape the dynamics of host associated microbial communities (microbiota) under natural conditions is an important part of understanding and predicting an organism's response to a changing environment. The microbiota is shaped by host (i.e.

The role of tissue-specific microbiota in initial establishment success of Pacific oysters.

Microbiota can have positive and negative effects on hosts depending on the environmental conditions. Therefore, it is important to decipher host-microbiota-environment interactions, especially under natural conditions exerting (a)biotic stress. Here, we assess the relative importance of microbiota in different tissues of Pacific oyster for its successful establishment in a new environment.

Environmentally determined differences in the murine lung microbiota and their relation to alveolar architecture.

Commensal bacteria control the micro-ecology of metazoan epithelial surfaces with pivotal effect on tissue homeostasis and host defense. In contrast to the upper respiratory tract, the lower respiratory tract of healthy individuals has largely been considered free of microorganisms. To understand airway micro-ecology we studied microbiota of sterilely excised lungs from mice of different origin including outbred wild mice caught in the natural environment or kept under non-specific-pathogen-free (SPF) conditions as well as inbred mice maintained in non-SPF, SPF or germ-free (GF) facilities.

Noninvasive analysis of microbiome dynamics in the fruit fly Drosophila melanogaster.

The diversity and structure of the intestinal microbial community has a strong influence on life history. To understand how hosts and microbes interact, model organisms with comparatively simple microbial communities, such as the fruit fly (Drosophila melanogaster), offer key advantages. However, studies of the Drosophila microbiome are limited to a single point in time, because flies are typically sacrificed for DNA extraction.

Postoperative evaluation of femoral tunnel position in ACL reconstruction: plain radiography versus computed tomography.

Inaccurate femoral tunnel placement has been identified as one of the most frequent errors in failed anterior cruciate ligament reconstructions. Most surgeons evaluate the femoral tunnel position on plain radiographs but in a lot of cases it is difficult to detect the femoral tunnel. The goal of this study was to compare plain digital radiographs and multiplanar computed tomography (CT) scans for the evaluation of femoral tunnel position.