Spectroscopy of Spin-Split Andreev Levels in a Quantum Dot with Superconducting Leads.

We use a hybrid superconductor-semiconductor transmon device to perform spectroscopy of a quantum dot Josephson junction tuned to be in a spin-1/2 ground state with an unpaired quasiparticle. Because of spin-orbit coupling, we resolve two flux-sensitive branches in the transmon spectrum, depending on the spin of the quasiparticle. A finite magnetic field shifts the two branches in energy, favoring one spin state and resulting in the anomalous Josephson effect.

Realizing quantum convolutional neural networks on a superconducting quantum processor to recognize quantum phases.

Quantum computing crucially relies on the ability to efficiently characterize the quantum states output by quantum hardware. Conventional methods which probe these states through direct measurements and classically computed correlations become computationally expensive when increasing the system size. Quantum neural networks tailored to recognize specific features of quantum states by combining unitary operations, measurements and feedforward promise to require fewer measurements and to tolerate errors.

Realizing repeated quantum error correction in a distance-three surface code.

Quantum computers hold the promise of solving computational problems that are intractable using conventional methods. For fault-tolerant operation, quantum computers must correct errors occurring owing to unavoidable decoherence and limited control accuracy. Here we demonstrate quantum error correction using the surface code, which is known for its exceptionally high tolerance to errors.

Implementation of Conditional Phase Gates Based on Tunable ZZ Interactions.

High fidelity two-qubit gates exhibiting low cross talk are essential building blocks for gate-based quantum information processing. In superconducting circuits, two-qubit gates are typically based either on rf-controlled interactions or on the in situ tunability of qubit frequencies. Here, we present an alternative approach using a tunable cross-Kerr-type ZZ interaction between two qubits, which we realize with a flux-tunable coupler element.

Quantum annealing with all-to-all connected nonlinear oscillators.

Quantum annealing aims at solving combinatorial optimization problems mapped to Ising interactions between quantum spins. Here, with the objective of developing a noise-resilient annealer, we propose a paradigm for quantum annealing with a scalable network of two-photon-driven Kerr-nonlinear resonators. Each resonator encodes an Ising spin in a robust degenerate subspace formed by two coherent states of opposite phases.

[The future economic burden of dementia on health and social services].

Introduction: Demographic changes in Denmark over the next 15 years will result in an increased number of elderly people and of individuals with dementia. As a result this will increase the demand for health care and social services. The aim of this study was to shed light on the likely economic consequences of this development.

What influences the choice of assessment methods in health technology assessments? Statistical analysis of international health technology assessments from 1989 to 2002.

Objectives: Health technology assessment (HTA) has been used as input in decision making worldwide for more than 25 years. However, no uniform definition of HTA or agreement on assessment methods exists, leaving open the question of what influences the choice of assessment methods in HTAs. The objective of this study is to analyze statistically a possible relationship between methods of assessment used in practical HTAs, type of assessed technology, type of assessors, and year of publication.

Recommendations in health technology assessments worldwide.

Objectives: The objective of this study is to analyze statistically the possible determinants and implications of including or not including recommendations in health technology assessments (HTAs).

Methods: A sample of 433 HTAs published by eleven leading institutions or agencies in nine countries was reviewed and analyzed statistically by multiple logistic regression.

Results: The extent of policy and research recommendations in HTAs varies greatly from country to country.

Ability to perform activities of daily living is the main factor affecting quality of life in patients with dementia.

Background: Dementia is a chronic illness associated with a progressive loss of cognitive and intellectual abilities, such as memory, judgment and abstract thinking. The objective of this study was to assess the health utilities of patients with dementia in Europe and identify the key factors influencing their Health-Related Quality of Life (HRQol).

Methods: This study used cross-sectional data from the Odense study; a Danish cohort of patients aged 65-84 living in Odense, Denmark.

Structured home visits to older people. Are they only of benefit for women? A randomised controlled trial.

Objective: To investigate whether education of primary care professionals improved functional ability in home-dwelling older people, with special focus on gender differences.

Design: A prospective controlled three-year follow-up study (1999-2001) with randomisation and intervention at municipality level and outcomes measured at individual level. Intervention municipality visitors received regular education and GPs were introduced to a short assessment programme.

Cost of dementia: impact of disease progression estimated in longitudinal data.

Aims: Several studies have shown that health care costs are higher for demented than for non-demented persons and that health care costs are higher for more severe demented persons than less severe demented persons. However, most studies report on cross-sectional study designs, and thus fail to examine the influence of disease progression on changes in health care costs to individual persons. The objective of this study was, using longitudinal data, to examine changes in total health care costs with disease progression in demented persons.

Preventive home visits to older people in Denmark: methodology of a randomized controlled study.

Background And Aims: Preventive home visits were introduced by legislation in Denmark in 1998. This ongoing randomized controlled intervention study introduces a model where preventive home visits to elderly people are carried out in a standardized way, focusing on early signs of disability and on physical activity. The study includes general practitioners (GPs) in relevant parts of the assessment and endeavors coordinated interdisciplinary follow-up.