A Representative Analysis of Nonparticipation in Workplace Health Promotion in Germany Using Multivariable Methods.

Objectives: Studies have identified sociodemographic and socioeconomic factors that promote participation in workplace health promotion activities. The present study therefore focuses on what influences nonparticipation within a representative sample of the German population.

Methods: In the analysis of possible factors influencing nonparticipation, company characteristics are accounted for in addition to sociodemographic and health behaviour-related variables.

Does level of cognitive load affect susceptibility?

We compared how different levels of cognitive load affect frontal P3 (fP3) Event-Related Potential (ERP) to novel sounds. Previous studies demonstrated the predictive value of the probe-elicited frontal P3 (fP3) ERP for subsequent detection failures. They also demonstrated how fP3 is reduced when performing visual and/or manual and/or cognitively demanding tasks.

Social factors of health-related quality of life in older adults: a multivariable analysis.

Purpose: The objective of the analysis was to examine the relationships between sociodemographic, socioeconomic, psychosocial, and behavioural factors and both physical and mental health-related quality of life (HRQOL) in older adults.

Methods: The analysis was based on recent cross-sectional data of 1687 community residents from a whole population postal survey of German adults aged 65 years and older (33% response rate, 52% female, mean age 76 years). HRQOL was assessed using the 36-Item Short Form Survey (SF-36v2).

Mental health indicators and their lifestyle associations in German students: a gender-specific multivariable analysis.

Background: Statistics show that the number of received psychosocial counselling sessions remains at a constantly high level or has even increased since the COVID-19 pandemic situation in 2020. The objective of this work is to identify factors associated with students' mental health to improve prevention and promotion in mental health at universities.

Methods: The analyses were based on a cross-sectional data set collected by an online survey among 1,842 students from a German University of Applied Sciences in 2014.

Social Factors of Dietary Risk Behavior in Older German Adults: Results of a Multivariable Analysis.

With this analysis, we aimed to examine the associations between social factors and dietary risk behavior in older adults. Data were collected through a full-population postal survey of German adults aged 65 years or older ( = 1687, 33% response proportion, 52% female, mean age = 76 years). Using principal component analysis (PCA), a data-driven Dietary Risk Behavior Index (DRB) was computed.

Action Sounds Informing Own Body Perception Influence Gender Identity and Social Cognition.

Sensory information can temporarily affect mental body representations. For example, in Virtual Reality (VR), visually swapping into a body with another sex can temporarily alter perceived gender identity. Outside of VR, real-time auditory changes to walkers' footstep sounds can affect perceived body weight and masculinity/femininity.

The Effect of Cognitive Load on Auditory Susceptibility During Automated Driving.

Objective: We experimentally test the effect of cognitive load on auditory susceptibility during automated driving.

Background: In automated vehicles, auditory alerts are frequently used to request human intervention. To ensure safe operation, human drivers need to be susceptible to auditory information.

Ozone exposure and health effects: a protocol for an umbrella review and effect-specific systematic maps.

Introduction: Ambient ozone exposure may be adverse to health. Since the reported associations between ozone and health effects are heterogeneous and the underlying pathways are indistinct, the overall relationship remains unclear. Only a few overall syntheses of the evidence regarding ozone and health effects are available to date.

Depression and anxiety with exposure to ozone and particulate matter: An epidemiological claims data analysis.

Background: Depression and anxiety have complex etiologies and are associated with a significant burden of disease. Although air pollution has been hypothesized as a possible risk factor of these disorders, the associations are still under-investigated. We aimed to analyze associations between long-term exposure to ambient ozone and particulate matter with diameter <10 μm (PM) and diagnoses of depression and anxiety in a general population.

The influence of cognitive load on susceptibility to audio.

In this study we evaluate how cognitive load affects susceptibility to auditory signals. Previous research has used the frontal P3 (fP3) event related potential response to auditory novel stimuli as an index for susceptibility to auditory signals. This work demonstrated that tasks that induce cognitive load such as visual and manual tasks, reduced susceptibility.

The influence of rewards on (sub-)optimal interleaving.

We investigate how the rewards of individual tasks dictate a priori how easy it is to interleave two discrete tasks efficiently, and whether people then interleave efficiently. Previous research found that people vary in their ability to interleave efficiently. Less attention has been given to whether it was realistic to expect efficient interleaving, given the reward rate of each of the involved tasks.

Susceptibility to audio signals during autonomous driving.

We investigate how susceptible human drivers are to auditory signals in three situations: when stationary, when driving, or when being driven by an autonomous vehicle. Previous research has shown that human susceptibility is reduced when driving compared to when being stationary. However, it is not known how susceptible humans are under autonomous driving conditions.

Coronary Angiography and Revascularization Following Coronary Artery Bypass Grafting in British Columbia: Incidence, Predictors and Longer-term Outcomes.

Background: Coronary artery bypass grafting (CABG) is established treatment for subsets of coronary artery disease (CAD). Observational data have characterised significant progression of native coronary as well as graft vessel disease during longer-term follow-up, potentially reducing the benefit of CABG. We sought to assess longer-term outcomes following CABG by determining rates of repeat coronary angiography, revascularization procedures, and survival.

In Vivo Molecular Characterization of Abdominal Aortic Aneurysms Using Fibrin-Specific Magnetic Resonance Imaging.

Background: The incidence of abdominal aortic aneurysms (AAAs) will significantly increase during the next decade. Novel biomarkers, besides diameter, are needed for a better characterization of aneurysms and the estimation of the risk of rupture. Fibrin is a key protein in the formation of focal hematoma associated with the dissection of the aortic wall and the development of larger thrombi during the progression of AAAs.

Dividing Attention Between Tasks: Testing Whether Explicit Payoff Functions Elicit Optimal Dual-Task Performance.

We test people's ability to optimize performance across two concurrent tasks. Participants performed a number entry task while controlling a randomly moving cursor with a joystick. Participants received explicit feedback on their performance on these tasks in the form of a single combined score.

Training eye movements for visual search in individuals with macular degeneration.

We report a method to train individuals with central field loss due to macular degeneration to improve the efficiency of visual search. Our method requires participants to make a same/different judgment on two simple silhouettes. One silhouette is presented in an area that falls within the binocular scotoma while they are fixating the center of the screen with their preferred retinal locus (PRL); the other silhouette is presented diametrically opposite within the intact visual field.

Prolonged Clopidogrel Use is Associated with Improved Clinical Outcomes Following Drug-Eluting But Not Bare Metal Stent Implantation.

Background: Guidelines recommend clopidogrel use for 6-12 months following drug-eluting stent (DES) implantation and 1-12 months following bare metal stent (BMS) implantation. The role of clopidogrel beyond 12 months is unclear.

Methods: We linked hospital administrative, community pharmacy and cardiac revascularization data to determine clopidogrel use and outcomes for all patients (those with acute presentations and those with stable angina) receiving a coronary stent in British Columbia 2004-2006, with follow-up until the end of 2008.

Strategic Adaptation to Task Characteristics, Incentives, and Individual Differences in Dual-Tasking.

We investigate how good people are at multitasking by comparing behavior to a prediction of the optimal strategy for dividing attention between two concurrent tasks. In our experiment, 24 participants had to interleave entering digits on a keyboard with controlling a randomly moving cursor with a joystick. The difficulty of the tracking task was systematically varied as a within-subjects factor.

Stop before you saccade: Looking into an artificial peripheral scotoma.

We investigated whether adults with healthy vision can move their eyes toward an informative target area that is initially hidden by a gaze-contingent scotoma in the periphery when they are under time pressure. In the experimental task, participants had to perform an object-comparison task requiring a same-different judgment about two silhouettes. One silhouette was visible, whereas the other was hidden under the scotoma.

Sharing a driver's context with a caller via continuous audio cues to increase awareness about driver state.

In an experiment using a driving simulator we investigated whether sharing information of a driver's context with a remote caller via continuous audio cues can make callers more aware of the driving situation. Increased awareness could potentially help in making the conversation less distracting. Prior research has shown that although sharing context using video can create such beneficial effects, it also has some practical disadvantages.

Delay in filling first clopidogrel prescription after coronary stenting is associated with an increased risk of death and myocardial infarction.

Background: Patients frequently experience difficulties with medication compliance after hospital discharge. We investigated the effect of a delay in filling a first clopidogrel prescription after hospital discharge on clinical outcomes subsequent to coronary stenting.

Methods And Results: Hospital administrative, community pharmacy, and cardiac revascularization data were determined for all patients receiving a coronary stent in British Columbia 2004-2006 with follow-up out to 2 years.

Direct, indirect, and intangible costs after severe trauma up to occupational reintegration - an empirical analysis of 113 seriously injured patients.

Aim: Although seriously injured patients account for a high medical as well as socioeconomic burden of disease in the German health care system, there are only very few data describing the costs that arise between the days of accident and occupational reintegration. With this study, a comprehensive cost model is developed that describes the direct, indirect and intangible costs of an accident and their relationship with socioeconomic background of the patients.

Methods: This study included 113 patients who each had at least two injuries and a total Abbreviated Injury Scale (AIS) greater than or equal to five.

The influence of social determinants on the use of prevention and health promotion services: Results of a systematic literature review.

Background: The following analysis aims to determine whether differences in the use of prevention and health promotion services in Germany can be attributed to health inequality between different social status groups measured by education, occupation and income and where certain improvements can be made in health promotion and prevention efforts and research to reduce those differences.

Methods: A systematic literature search was conducted using MedPilot to identify relevant articles published between 1998 and 2010 in the Medline, Medizinische Gesundheit, CC Med, Deutsches Ärzteblatt and Sozialmedizin (SOMED) databases, the Hogrefe, Karger, Krause and Pachermegg and Thieme publisher databases, the Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews (CDSR), the Cochrane Database of Abstracts of Reviews of Effectiveness (DARE), and the Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials.

Results: A total of 23 empirical studies on the topic of "prevention, health prevention and social inequality" met the criteria for inclusion in the review.