Performance of GPT-3.5 and GPT-4 on standardized urology knowledge assessment items in the United States: a descriptive study.

Purpose: This study aimed to evaluate the performance of Chat Generative Pre-Trained Transformer (ChatGPT) with respect to standardized urology multiple-choice items in the United States.

Methods: In total, 700 multiple-choice urology board exam-style items were submitted to GPT-3.5 and GPT-4, and responses were recorded.

Smaller Differences in the Comparative Effectiveness of Biologics in Reducing Asthma-Related Hospitalizations Compared With Overall Exacerbations.

Background: Evidence on the comparative effectiveness of respiratory biologics remains sparse.

Objective: We sought to evaluate the comparative effectiveness of omalizumab, mepolizumab, benralizumab, and dupilumab in a matched retrospective cohort of patients with asthma.

Methods: We identified patients with asthma aged ≥18 years who were incident users of these biologics between November 1, 2018, and June 30, 2023, in administrative claims data from the Food and Drug Administration's Sentinel System and Merative MarketScan Commercial Database.

Treatment and care received by children hospitalized with COVID-19 in a large hospital network in the United States, February 2020 to September 2021.

We described care received by hospitalized children with COVID-19 or multi-system inflammatory syndrome (MIS-C) prior to the 2021 COVID-19 Omicron variant surge in the US. We identified hospitalized children <18 years of age with a COVID-19 or MIS-C diagnosis (COVID-19 not required), separately, from February 2020-September 2021 (n = 126 hospitals). We described high-risk conditions, inpatient treatments, and complications among these groups.

Integration of Robotics in Urology Residency Programs: an Unchecked Technological Revolution.

Purpose Of Review: To review the integration of robotics in urology residency programs and evaluate how it has impacted a graduates' level of surgical competence.

Recent Findings: Surgical technique training has shown a dramatic shift towards robotics with the most profound occurring in oncology. However, integration of robotics is not uniform across programs nor even among residents themselves.

Why Does Magnetic Resonance Imaging-Targeted Biopsy Miss Clinically Significant Cancer?

Purpose: Multiple studies demonstrate magnetic resonance imaging (MRI)-targeted biopsy detects more clinically significant cancer than systematic biopsy; however, some clinically significant cancers are detected by systematic biopsy only. While these events are rare, we sought to perform a retrospective analysis of these cases to ascertain the reasons that MRI-targeted biopsy missed clinically significant cancer which was subsequently detected on systematic prostate biopsy.

Materials And Methods: Patients were enrolled in a prospective study comparing cancer detection rates by transrectal MRI-targeted fusion biopsy and systematic 12-core biopsy.

MRI-guided pelvic lymph node biopsy via transrectal approach in prostate cancer.

Lymph node assessment in prostate cancer is most commonly performed at the time of radical prostatectomy. We present the case of pre-operative pelvic lymph node sampling with the use of MRI/TRUS fusion-guided biopsy at the time of prostate biopsy. Lymph node pathology revealed metastatic, poorly differentiated prostate cancer, concurrent with Gleason 4 + 5 disease showing perineural invasion.

Screening for acute human immunodeficiency virus infection in Baltimore public testing sites.

Background: Human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) RNA testing of pooled HIV antibody-negative specimens can identify acute HIV infection (AHI) and trigger interventions to reduce transmission during this highly infectious period.

Methods: A Baltimore, MD program serving sexually transmitted disease clinics and other high-risk sites combined HIV testing by third-generation enzyme immunoassay (EIA) with RNA testing of pooled antibody-negative specimens. Laboratory and Disease Intervention Specialists' records were reviewed for program evaluation.

Cross sectional analysis of respiratory symptoms in an injection drug user cohort: the impact of obstructive lung disease and HIV.

Background: Injection drug use is associated with an increased risk of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection and with obstructive lung diseases (OLD). Understanding how HIV and OLD may impact respiratory symptoms among injection drug users (IDUs) is important to adequately care for this high-risk population. We characterized the independent and joint effects of HIV and OLD on respiratory symptoms of a cohort of inner-city IDUs.